Consistent biosynthesis of desired secondary metabolites (SMs) from pure microbial cultures is often unreliable. In a proof-ofprinciple
study to induce SM gene expression and production, we describe mixed “co-culturing” conditions and monitoring of
messages via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Gene expression of model bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and
Roseobacter denitrificans Och114) was analyzed in pure solo and mixed cocultures to infer the effects of interspecies interactions
on gene expression in vitro, Two P. aeruginosa genes (PhzH coding for portions of the phenazine antibiotic pathway leading
to pyocyanin (PCN) and the RhdA gene for thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase (Rhodanese)) and two R. denitrificans genes
(BetaLact formetallo-beta-lactamase and the DMSP gene for dimethylpropiothetin dethiomethylase) were assessed for differential
expression. Results showed that R. denitrificans DMSP and BetaLact gene expression became elevated in a mixed culture. In
contrast, P. aeruginosa co-cultures with R. denitrificans or a third species did not increase target gene expression above control
levels. This paper provides insight for better control of target SM gene expression in vitro and bypass complex genetic engineering
manipulations.