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- Title
- A paleopathological survey of ancient Peruvian crania housed at the Peabody museum of archaeology and ethnology at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts: a special emphasis on scurvy.
- Creator
- Chamoun, Tony J., Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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This thesis is a paleopathological survey of ancient Peruvian crania housed at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Chapter one discusses the significance of this research, work prior to this thesis’s formulation, and defines paleopathological and bioarchaeological terms relevant to this thesis. Chapter two presents this thesis’s materials and methods. Of the 196 Peruvian crania in this study sample, 11 case studies are presented....
Show moreThis thesis is a paleopathological survey of ancient Peruvian crania housed at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Chapter one discusses the significance of this research, work prior to this thesis’s formulation, and defines paleopathological and bioarchaeological terms relevant to this thesis. Chapter two presents this thesis’s materials and methods. Of the 196 Peruvian crania in this study sample, 11 case studies are presented. Chapter three reports a case of probable scurvy and likely anemia comorbidity. This case study is accompanied by a critical analysis and review of the literature surrounding scurvy, a detailed macroscopic examination, and a rigorous differential diagnosis process. Chapter four offers cases representing pseudopathology, hematopoietic disease, infectious disease, joint disease, neoplastic disease, trauma, and trauma-induced disease. Chapter five presents a summary of this thesis.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004273, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004273
- Subject Headings
- Human remains (Archaeology) -- Peru, Human skeleton -- Abnormalities -- Peru, Paleopathology, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Correlations between maxillary sinus and nasal cavity volume: An exploratory study into environmental influences on the human maxillary sinus.
- Creator
- Butaric, Lauren N., Florida Atlantic University, Broadfield, Douglas C., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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Previous hypotheses have suggested that maxillary sinus volume (MSV) is dependent on nasal cavity volume (NCV), and while NCV is highly correlated with climate, MSV is a passive by-product. To test these hypotheses 39 dried adult human crania from different climatic regions were examined using CT technology. MSV and NCV were regressed against each other and cranial size-variables using least squares and reduced major axis analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were also utilized to...
Show morePrevious hypotheses have suggested that maxillary sinus volume (MSV) is dependent on nasal cavity volume (NCV), and while NCV is highly correlated with climate, MSV is a passive by-product. To test these hypotheses 39 dried adult human crania from different climatic regions were examined using CT technology. MSV and NCV were regressed against each other and cranial size-variables using least squares and reduced major axis analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were also utilized to identify significant differences in MSV and NCV between populations. Results suggest that MSV and NCV are not significantly correlated, and while NCV scales with isometry relative to skull size, scaling properties of MSV were not significant. ANOVA results show that although there are significant differences in MSV between populations, they are not due to climatic influences.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13373
- Subject Headings
- Biology, Anatomy, Anthropology, Physical
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Experimental archaeology and hominid evolution: establishing a methodology for determining handedness in lithic materials as a proxy for cognitive evolution.
- Creator
- Ruck, Lana, Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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Human handedness is likely related to brain lateralization and major cognitive innovations in human evolution. Identifying handedness in the archaeological record is, therefore, an important step in understanding our cognitive evolution. This thesis reports on experiments in identifying knapper handedness in lithic debitage. I conducted a blind study on flakes (n=631) from Acheulean handaxes replicated by right- and left-handed flintknappers. Several flake characteristics significantly...
Show moreHuman handedness is likely related to brain lateralization and major cognitive innovations in human evolution. Identifying handedness in the archaeological record is, therefore, an important step in understanding our cognitive evolution. This thesis reports on experiments in identifying knapper handedness in lithic debitage. I conducted a blind study on flakes (n=631) from Acheulean handaxes replicated by right- and left-handed flintknappers. Several flake characteristics significantly indicated handedness, with a binary logistic regression correctly predicting handedness for 71.7% of the flakes. However, other characteristics were not associated with handedness. This is a result of personal knapping styles, as additional analyses show that individual knappers associate with some attributes better than handedness does. Continued work on these methodologies will enable analysis of Paleolithic assemblages in the future, with the ultimate goal of tracking population-level hominid handedness rates through time and using them as a proxy for cognitive evolution and language acquisition.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004325, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004325
- Subject Headings
- Archaeology, Brain -- Evolution, Cerebral dominance, Cognition and culture, Flintknapping, Fossil hominids, Human evolution, Laterality
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Land of contrast: osteological analysis of human remains from Salango, Ecuador and a comparison of paleopathologies between coastal and highland sites in Ecuador.
- Creator
- Van Voorhis, Laura, Broadfield, Douglas C., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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New data on human skeletal remains from Site 35 in Salango, Ecuador is combined with existing data presented by Jastremski (2006) to compile a more comprehensive report about the health conditions of the people. Site 35, which is associated with the Manteño culture that flourished in the Integration period from A.D. 500 – 1532, has been determined to comprise a singular population that is represented by a minimum of 27 individuals. In addition to more comprehensive conclusions about Site 35,...
Show moreNew data on human skeletal remains from Site 35 in Salango, Ecuador is combined with existing data presented by Jastremski (2006) to compile a more comprehensive report about the health conditions of the people. Site 35, which is associated with the Manteño culture that flourished in the Integration period from A.D. 500 – 1532, has been determined to comprise a singular population that is represented by a minimum of 27 individuals. In addition to more comprehensive conclusions about Site 35, this thesis uses the data from Site 35 in an extended comparison of health among prehistoric sites from six additional sites to observe general trends over time and across geography. Through an indepth analysis of distinct health traits, the general conclusion matches previous reports that the overall quality of health in Ecuador declined over time. However, the present analysis shows a less dramatic decline for coastal sites than for inland sites.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA0004069
- Subject Headings
- Excavation (Archaeology) -- Ecuador -- Solango, Forensic anthropology -- Ecuador -- Solango, Human remains (Archaeology) -- Ecuador -- Solango, Indians of South America -- Ecudaor, Pacific Coast (Ecuador), Paleopathology -- Ecuador -- Solango, Solango Site (Ecuador), South America -- Antiquities
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Long call frequency variation in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta Palliata).
- Creator
- Wheeler, James, Broadfield, Douglas C., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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The long call frequency of male mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) varies across individuals. In a forest environment where visual contact is impossible at greater distances the long call is utilized for inter-group spacing and for male-male communication. As lower frequencies are capable of traveling longer distances, it is quite possible that there is a correlation between group size and long call frequency. This link lies in the premise that smaller groups have fewer individuals...
Show moreThe long call frequency of male mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) varies across individuals. In a forest environment where visual contact is impossible at greater distances the long call is utilized for inter-group spacing and for male-male communication. As lower frequencies are capable of traveling longer distances, it is quite possible that there is a correlation between group size and long call frequency. This link lies in the premise that smaller groups have fewer individuals thus fewer males, and spread out less over the course of each day while obtaining food resources, thus the distance these males call over their lifespan is generally less than the males in a larger group. This thesis investigates the relationship between group size and long call frequency in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) on Isla de Ometepé, Nicaragua.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA0004072
- Subject Headings
- Howler monkeys -- Habitat -- Nicaragua -- Isla de Ometepé, Howler monkeys -- Migration, Howler monkeys -- Vocalization, Primates -- Speciation
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Paleodemography of Highland Beach the demographic parameters of a Native American population from Southeastern Florida.
- Creator
- Hennessey, Christopher, Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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Those who practice within the field and those who wish to discredit the field have long debated the field of paleodemography. In 1999 and again in 2000, researchers who used paleodemographic analysis assembled in Rostock, Germany to amend the present issues and change the way research is conducted in the future (Hoppa and Vaupel 2002). As a result of these meetings, researchers created the Rostock Manifesto. While many scholars accepted the change in the suite of methodologies carried out...
Show moreThose who practice within the field and those who wish to discredit the field have long debated the field of paleodemography. In 1999 and again in 2000, researchers who used paleodemographic analysis assembled in Rostock, Germany to amend the present issues and change the way research is conducted in the future (Hoppa and Vaupel 2002). As a result of these meetings, researchers created the Rostock Manifesto. While many scholars accepted the change in the suite of methodologies carried out under the new guidance, little has been said on the effectiveness of the manifesto. In this thesis, I argue that the Rostock Manifesto, at the very least, is effective in changing the results of paleodemographic research both qualitatively and quantitatively. Unfortunately, due to the nature of paleodemographic research it cannot be said of how effective the manifesto is.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004445, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004445
- Subject Headings
- Demographic anthropology, Demographic archaeology, Human population genetics, Human remains (Archaeology), Human skeleton -- Analysis, Indians of North America -- Florida, Native Americans -- Florida -- Population -- History -- Methodology, Paleoanthropology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Rapid Analysis of Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites: Testing an Alternative Method for Analyzing Stress Markers in Chimpanzees.
- Creator
- Litman, Benni, Broadfield, Douglas C., Harris, Michael S., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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This study explores the application of two methods of spectroscopy; Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) as alternative approaches for measuring glucocorticoid metabolites in chimpanzee feces. The goals of this study were twofold: The first was to determine if cortisol can be identified within the NIR and/or FTIR spectra of chimpanzee fecal hormone extract in ethanol solution. The second objective was to determine the capability of NIR and FTIR to predict...
Show moreThis study explores the application of two methods of spectroscopy; Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) as alternative approaches for measuring glucocorticoid metabolites in chimpanzee feces. The goals of this study were twofold: The first was to determine if cortisol can be identified within the NIR and/or FTIR spectra of chimpanzee fecal hormone extract in ethanol solution. The second objective was to determine the capability of NIR and FTIR to predict FGM concentrations obtained using standard laboratory methods. Fecal glucocorticoid concentrations measured by Enzyme Immunoassay were used as the reference data of partial least square (PLS) regression of fecal extract NIR spectra and FTIR spectra. Low accuracies (NIR: R2 = 0.152; FTIR: R2 = 0.199) were obtained from regression models using data from both methods. Though this study did not successfully demonstrate the feasibility of using NIR and FTIR to qualify and quantify FGMs, it is likely not a reflection of the capabilities of the technology, but rather of appropriate sample types and preparation methods.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004723, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004723
- Subject Headings
- Biosensors, Infrared spectroscopy, Metabolites -- Spectra, Primates as laboratory animals, Spectrum analysis -- Diagnostic use
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Sex Estimation in Subadult Skeletons: A Test of Eight Nonmetric Traits of the Mandible and Ilium.
- Creator
- Reinman, Alyssa Shiloh, Broadfield, Douglas C., Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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Diagnosing the sex of subadult skeletal material is a difficult task for bioarchaeologists and forensic anthropologists. Metric and nonmetric techniques have been tested utilizing both fetal (Boucher 1957, Weaver 1980) and juvenile (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Weaver 1980) skeletal remains. Some metric techniques show promise in estimating the sex of juvenile skeletons, but most are found to be lacking in adequate accuracies (Holcomb and Konigsberg 1995, Weaver 1980). Nonmetric techniques have...
Show moreDiagnosing the sex of subadult skeletal material is a difficult task for bioarchaeologists and forensic anthropologists. Metric and nonmetric techniques have been tested utilizing both fetal (Boucher 1957, Weaver 1980) and juvenile (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Weaver 1980) skeletal remains. Some metric techniques show promise in estimating the sex of juvenile skeletons, but most are found to be lacking in adequate accuracies (Holcomb and Konigsberg 1995, Weaver 1980). Nonmetric techniques have been found to be more accurate, performing better than chance (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Mittler and Sheridan 1992, Weaver 1980). This study adds to this conversation, utilizing the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, testing the accuracy of eight nonmetric traits of the subadult mandible and ilium for use in forensic investigations and bioarchaeological research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004539, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004539
- Subject Headings
- Anthropometry, Forensic anthropology, Forensic osteology, Human remains (Archaeology), Ilium -- Sex differences, Maxilla -- Sex differences, Physical anthropology
- Format
- Document (PDF)