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- Title
- Belgica’s antarctic toponymic legacy.
- Creator
- Charlier, Roger H., Chaineux, Marie-Claire P., Finkl, Charles W., Thys, Alexandre C.
- Abstract/Description
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It might be argued that this paper does not sensu stricto contribute to ‘‘polar science.’’ It, however, rekindles aspects of its history and of that of both oceanography and cartography. Obviously the interest for the polar regions was keen in the 19th century and elicited financial support. The paper may lift anew the veil that has somewhat dimmed the light that should shine on polar science achievements of Belgian explorers and scientists. Knowledge of the names of geographic features in...
Show moreIt might be argued that this paper does not sensu stricto contribute to ‘‘polar science.’’ It, however, rekindles aspects of its history and of that of both oceanography and cartography. Obviously the interest for the polar regions was keen in the 19th century and elicited financial support. The paper may lift anew the veil that has somewhat dimmed the light that should shine on polar science achievements of Belgian explorers and scientists. Knowledge of the names of geographic features in the Antarctic is probably less widespread, and yet, there are many Belgian names on and near the southernmost continent. Most names were given by the head of the first-ever Antarctic expedition to spend a winter on the southernmost continent. Belgian Royal Navy Lieutenant Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery’s expedition in the Antarctic brought back a wealth of scientific information. His trip ended precisely 111 years ago, and has been—literally—carved in stone as the Belgica is indeed one of the 20 oceanographic vessels Prince Albert I of Monaco selected to be represented on the faccade of the Museee Oceanographique de Monaco.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010-11
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3173998
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Coastal and port engineering: synergistic disciplines from the overarching purview of integrated coastal management.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W.
- Abstract/Description
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The principle objectives of maritime engineering fall broadly into two classifications: (1) transportation, and (2) reclamation and conservancy.
- Date Issued
- 1998
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174403
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Coastal classification: systematic approaches to consider in the development of a comprehensive scheme.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W.
- Abstract/Description
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Many different kinds of classification have been applied to coasts in attempts to characterize dominant features in terms of physical or biological properties, modes of evolution, or geographic occurrence. Some of the earlier general classifications were broad in scope but lacked specificity while other specialized systems were narrowly focused, providing uneven coverage of taxonomic units for coastlines of the world. Due to more comprehensive study of coasts and the increasing availability...
Show moreMany different kinds of classification have been applied to coasts in attempts to characterize dominant features in terms of physical or biological properties, modes of evolution, or geographic occurrence. Some of the earlier general classifications were broad in scope but lacked specificity while other specialized systems were narrowly focused, providing uneven coverage of taxonomic units for coastlines of the world. Due to more comprehensive study of coasts and the increasing availability of information, especially digital formats in GIS frameworks, integrated and systematic approaches to coastal classification are favored. The complex demands of today require sophisticated solutions to overlapping and interrelated problems in the littoral, as facilitated by organization of biophysical parameters into a coherent whole or universal scheme. The developmental approach to a new comprehensive classification system is thus proposed for the coastal fringe, a swath zone 5 to 10 km wide across the shoreline, which incorporates all important parameters necessary to categorize geomorphic units that can be mapped at meaningful scales. Consideration of coastal geomorphological properties are the theme of this approximation toward a modern taxonomic system where morphostructures are the unifying links that facilitate transition from one hierarchical level to another. The proposed approach employs differentiating criteria for hard rock (automorphic) and soft rock (allomorphic) coasts which are divided by chronometric parameters related to the antiquity of littoral landforms. Other levels of primary differentia include geodynamic-climatomorphogenic process zones, relief types (morphoregions), morphogenetic relief features, and relief elements and genetically homogeneous surfaces. Morphotypes are lower level taxons that provide examples of ingressional, egressional, and complex process-forms. The proposal for a unified system requires testing in the field and mapping at myriametric scales to update subsequent approximations.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174405
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Coupling geological concepts with historical data sets in a MIS framework to prospect for beach-compatible sands on the inner continental shelf: experience on the eastern Texas gulf coast.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W., Andrews, Jeffrey L., Campbell, Thomas J., Benedet, Lindino, Waters, Jeffrey P.
- Abstract/Description
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Chronic erosion of beaches along the eastern Texas barrier island coast is increasingly mitigated by renourishment efforts that periodically place large volumes of sand onshore. Location of beach-quality sands on the inner continental shelf is challenged in an environment where terrestrial rivers deposit fluvial sediments in back bays and lagoons instead of offshore and by shelf areas that are dominated by muds. The search for beach-quality sands thus requires understanding of the coastal...
Show moreChronic erosion of beaches along the eastern Texas barrier island coast is increasingly mitigated by renourishment efforts that periodically place large volumes of sand onshore. Location of beach-quality sands on the inner continental shelf is challenged in an environment where terrestrial rivers deposit fluvial sediments in back bays and lagoons instead of offshore and by shelf areas that are dominated by muds. The search for beach-quality sands thus requires understanding of the coastal geological framework and morphodynamic processes that accompanied late Quaternary evolution in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The occurrence of surficial sand deposits as positive bathymetric features on the seafloor (ridges, shoals, banks) and presence of sands buried in paleovalley (drowned channels) infill sequences makes for complicated search procedures that must accurately differentiate a range of sedimentary settings by geophysical and geotechnical surveys. Compilation of vast amounts of data from historical core logs and newly acquired information in a marine information system (MIS) permits spatial analyses in a format that is compatible with development of a sand search model. The resulting differentiated investigative sand-search methods, that comprise part of the Texas Sand Search Model (TSSM), are able to target potential borrow areas in ebb-tidal shoals, low-relief ridge deposits, high-relief banks, and in mud-covered paleovalley sequences.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174246
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Disaster mitigation in the South Atlantic Coastal Zone (SACZ): a prodrome for mapping hazards and coastal land systems using the example of urban subtropical southeastern Florida.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W.
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183190
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Environmental impacts of coastal-plain activities on sandy beach systems: Hazards, perception and mitigation.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W., Krupa, Steve L.
- Abstract/Description
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Managed sandy beach environments along developed shores often appear safe and healthy because obvious hazards such as beach erosion and flooding are considered within the purview of various mitigation programs. A range of insidious and generally unseen hazards, mostly related to pollution, often pose greater threats to the wellbeing of beach systems than do the highly visible, well publicized shoreline retreat and inundation events. Some unseen hazards, such as submarine groundwater discharge...
Show moreManaged sandy beach environments along developed shores often appear safe and healthy because obvious hazards such as beach erosion and flooding are considered within the purview of various mitigation programs. A range of insidious and generally unseen hazards, mostly related to pollution, often pose greater threats to the wellbeing of beach systems than do the highly visible, well publicized shoreline retreat and inundation events. Some unseen hazards, such as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) laden with nutrients from agro-urban activities on adjacent coastal plains, are pervasive processes of environmental degradation that occur so gradually that sequential impacts escape public attention. The contribution of SGDs to the coastal hydrologie regime is occasionally recognized in association with crescendo events associated with marine algal blooms that degrade water quality, bottom habitats, and coral reef ecology. Because the real dangers of SGD are probably unknown at this time, it is essential to initiate seepage meter studies of the already known high levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) that are discharged to beach and nearshore environments. Locations of some of the larger submarine freshwater springs along the southeast Florida inner continental shelf are generally known, although volumes of flow have historically been reduced by reduction of head on the coastal, plain. Submarine groundwater provides, on a continual basis, the most direct nutrient linkage to nearshore environments. The insidious nature of the problem requires specialized detection techniques that incorporate site inspection of rock outcrop and reef morphology (for submarine springs and seeps), satellite and airborne remote sensing (coastal morphology, turbidity plumes), physical seepage measurement in situ, monitoring wells, and mini-piezometers to measure hydraulic flow.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2003
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174002
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Fluvial sand sources for barrier island restoration in Louisiana: Geotechnical investigations in the Mississippi River.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W., Khalil, Syed M., Andrews, Jeffrey L., Keehn, S., Benedet, Lindino
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183200
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- From Trieste to Kotor.
- Creator
- Charlier, Roger H., Finkl, Charles W., Thys, Alexandre C.
- Abstract/Description
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The Dalmatian coast has been described by an occasional poet as the site where chalk and sea meet. If in frequent political turmoil, it also has shown to be equally an area of frequent geomorphologic events. The riparian countries have been trying, with some success, to make a tourism trump of what Emmanuel de Martonne appropriately labelled une côte morcelée. The paper focuses on the region’s significance as a geomorphology “textbook”.
- Date Issued
- 2011
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3172988
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Geomorphological mapping along the upper South Florida Atlantic continental platform; I: mapping units, symbolization and geographic information system presentation of interpreted seafloor topography.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W., Becerra, J. E., Achatz, V., Andrews, Jeffrey L.
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183204
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Interpretation of bottom types from IKONOS satellite images of the Southern Key West National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W., Vollmer, Heather
- Abstract/Description
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Remote sensing of coastal marine environments has long challenged coastal researchers who have searched for automated methods based on supervised classifications. Due to complexities in water clarity and attenuation of spectral reflection with water depth, this study focused on visual interpretation of IKONOS satellite images in an effort to ascertain the general nature of bottom types. Development of a seafloor topology for a portion of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge in Monroe County,...
Show moreRemote sensing of coastal marine environments has long challenged coastal researchers who have searched for automated methods based on supervised classifications. Due to complexities in water clarity and attenuation of spectral reflection with water depth, this study focused on visual interpretation of IKONOS satellite images in an effort to ascertain the general nature of bottom types. Development of a seafloor topology for a portion of the Key West National Wildlife Refuge in Monroe County, Florida (between Key West, Florida, and the Dry Tortugas) resulted in 96 mapping units. The natural complexity of this environment required classification units that were defined by numeric codes that were keyed to a classification system developed for this area. These units, defined in a stepwise procedure, were predicated on the geomorphologic base, context of the geomorphological zone, biological cover, and percentage of that cover. The GIS attribute table, built with a multi-discipline interpretation in mind, was constructed to allow end user flexibility when extracting the information related to major biological cover, detailed geological cover, etc. Suffixes were added to further interpret areas with diverse biological cover. The IKONOS satellite images were found to be useful tools for mapping coastal marine environments at a nominal scale of 1:6000.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174399
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Interpretation of seabed geomorphology based on spatial analysis of high-density airborne laser bathymetry.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W., Benedet, Lindino, Andrews, Jeffrey L.
- Abstract/Description
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Airborne laser bathymetric (ALB) systems rapidly acquire large, high-quality datasets via variable swath widths that are independent of water depth. Laser bathymetric survey tools have applicability in clear coastal (Case II) waters down to 270 meters depth. Deployed along the southeast Florida (Palm Beach, Broward, and Miami-Dade Counties)coast, an advanced ALB system provided a continuous dataset for 160 kilometers of coast from onshore to 6 kilometers offshore. Digital terrain models...
Show moreAirborne laser bathymetric (ALB) systems rapidly acquire large, high-quality datasets via variable swath widths that are independent of water depth. Laser bathymetric survey tools have applicability in clear coastal (Case II) waters down to 270 meters depth. Deployed along the southeast Florida (Palm Beach, Broward, and Miami-Dade Counties)coast, an advanced ALB system provided a continuous dataset for 160 kilometers of coast from onshore to 6 kilometers offshore. Digital terrain models developed from this high-density bathymetric data permitted recognition of numerous seafloor features and bathymetric patterns from different image formats. Bathymetric analysis of the 600-km2 survey area on the narrow continental shelf shows inherited lithologic features that are partly covered by surficial sediments. Primary parabathic provinces include: (1) nearshore rocky zones dominated by the Anastasia Formation, (2) coralalgalreef systems (Florida Reef Tract [FRT]), and (3) marine terraces. Secondary sedimentary subprovinces include shoreface sands, inter-reefal sedimentary infills (coral rubble in basal sequences and near reef gaps), and finer-grained materials seaward of the FRT. Tertiary topographic features include: (1) longshore bar and trough systems, shoals, sand sheets, and diabathic channels; (2) reef crests and ledges, forereef spurs and grooves, sediment ramps in large reef gaps, and incised paleo-river channels; and (3) drowned karst topography. Hierarchical organization of these bathymetric features is now possible for the first time because of the increased accuracy and density of bathymetric data obtained by ALB systems.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174249
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Leaky valves in littoral sediment budgets: loss of nearshore sand to deep offshore zones via chutes in barrier reef systems, southeast coast of Florida, USA.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W.
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183192
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Long-term analysis of trends in shore protection based on papers appearing in the Journal of Coastal Research, 1984-2000.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W.
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183194
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Mechanisms that influence the performance of beach nourishment: a case study in Delray Beach, Florida, USA.
- Creator
- Hartog, W. M., Benedet, Lindino, Walstra, D-J. R., van Koningsveld, M., Stive, M. J. F., Finkl, Charles W.
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183205
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Morphodynamic classification of beaches on the Atlantic coast of Florida: geographical variability of beach types, beach safety and coastal hazards.
- Creator
- Benedet, Lindino, Finkl, Charles W., Klein, A. H. F.
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183215
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Morphologic features and morphodynamic zones along the inner continental shelf of southeastern Florida: an example of form and process controlled by lithology.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W., Warner, Mathew T.
- Abstract/Description
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Submarine morphological features along the southeast Florida coast in central Palm Beach County were mapped from large-scale aerial images (acquisition scale 1:3900) that permitted feature resolution in water depths of 10 to 15 m. The analog stereo-paired images were scanned to black and white digital images that were georegistered for inclusion in a spatial analysis program. Interpretive techniques for identifying submarine morphological features on the inner continental shelf were developed...
Show moreSubmarine morphological features along the southeast Florida coast in central Palm Beach County were mapped from large-scale aerial images (acquisition scale 1:3900) that permitted feature resolution in water depths of 10 to 15 m. The analog stereo-paired images were scanned to black and white digital images that were georegistered for inclusion in a spatial analysis program. Interpretive techniques for identifying submarine morphological features on the inner continental shelf were developed by adapting methods of aerial photointerpretation to computerized onscreen digitizing. This narrow coastal zone tract (up to 500 m in width) contained coastal-marine forms developed in the local limestone bedrock and unconsolidated sediments. Hardground features included rock reefs (exposure of the local Anastasia Formation) and coral-algal reefs of the Florida Reef Tract. In addition to common types of marine platforms and benches, rock reefs and para(dia)bathic hardground stringers are described here for the first time, as are structurally controlled sandflats. Sedimentary features included bars and troughs in addition to various types of soft bottoms. The amalgamation of similar submarine morphologies into morphodynamic zones spatially delineated the impacts of coastal-marine processes during the most recent stabilization of sea-level rise during the last few thousand years of the Holocene. Analysis of the spatial distributions for the various morphological types shows distinct zonations alongshore and cross-shore in terms of the forcing hydrodynamic processes. Karst morphologies of the coastal landscape drowned by the Holocene rise in sea level configure much of the seafloor and prefigure many coastal forms. Lithology exerts a strong control over the spatial arrangement of morphological features, which are seen as repetitive occurrences of similar morphological groupings. Distinctive coastal process zones, based on principles of form and function, define the Beach Depositional Zone (BDZ), bar-and-trough Inshore Depositional Zone (lDZ), sandflat Offshore Depositional Zone (ODZ), Offshore Erosional Zone containing hardgrounds (OEZ), Parabathic Transport Blockers (PTB) comprised by inlet diabathic processes, and Diabathic Transport Blockers (DTB) containing shore-parallel barrier reefs.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174248
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- New approaches to sediment management on the inner continental shelf offshore coastal Louisiana.
- Creator
- Khalil, Syed M., Finkl, Charles W., Roberts, H. H., Raynie, R. C.
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183207
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- North Sea's capricious anthropocenic shores.
- Creator
- Charlier, Roger H., Finkl, Charles W., Thys, Alexandre C.
- Abstract/Description
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The large North Pacific bivalve mollusk index-fossil Fortipecten hallae (Dall, 1921) is present in a well-dated stratigraphic section of the Milky River Formation, Alaska Peninsula, southwestern Alaska. Co-occurring marine diatoms belong to the upper part of the subzone B of the Neodenticula kamtschatica diatom zone of the North Pacific diatom chronostratigraphy, with an age range of 4.8–5.1 Ma (early Pliocene). Based on coeval occurrences in northeastern Kamchatka, Russia, and synchronous...
Show moreThe large North Pacific bivalve mollusk index-fossil Fortipecten hallae (Dall, 1921) is present in a well-dated stratigraphic section of the Milky River Formation, Alaska Peninsula, southwestern Alaska. Co-occurring marine diatoms belong to the upper part of the subzone B of the Neodenticula kamtschatica diatom zone of the North Pacific diatom chronostratigraphy, with an age range of 4.8–5.1 Ma (early Pliocene). Based on coeval occurrences in northeastern Kamchatka, Russia, and synchronous changes in the two molluscan assemblages, F. hallae is a useful indicator of early Pliocene climatic warming along the high latitude North Pacific margin.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174138
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Offshore exploration for sand sources: general guidelines and procedural strategies along deltaic coasts.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W., Khalil, Syed M.
- Abstract/Description
-
Because of the large volumes of sand required for beach renourishment, dredging from offshore borrows is the preferred method of sediment supply. As easily accessible and previously known (obvious) deposits are exploited, apparent sand reserves are seen as a dwindling resource that becomes more precious over time. Because economically exploitable offshore sand sources are limited in many regions, renewed efforts are underway to locate additional offshore sand sources that can supply sand and...
Show moreBecause of the large volumes of sand required for beach renourishment, dredging from offshore borrows is the preferred method of sediment supply. As easily accessible and previously known (obvious) deposits are exploited, apparent sand reserves are seen as a dwindling resource that becomes more precious over time. Because economically exploitable offshore sand sources are limited in many regions, renewed efforts are underway to locate additional offshore sand sources that can supply sand and mixed sediments (sand, silt, and clay) to barrier-island restoration efforts in Louisiana. Sediment volumes required for beach renourishment and marsh restoration are variously estimated on the basis of numerous assumptions to range in the extreme from 14 X 106 m3 to 71 X 106 m3, respectively, for one complete restoration of the entire barrier island chains. Although estimates of required volumes are controversial, significant new borrow sites must be located on the continental shelf off Louisiana to restore the barrier islands. The search for new sand sources must be focused on logistical procedures that are economical and efficient in order to cover large areas of the shelf in a timely manner. Sand search protocols developed for US East Coast sedimentary environments are broadly applicable in a conceptual sense but need to be adapted to deltaic coastal frameworks in Louisiana. Procedures and protocols for the Delta Sand Search Model (DSSM) are thus based on bathymetric, geophysical, and geotechnical survey recommendations for the identification of targets that will be proven out by detailed studies and cultural resource investigations. Development of a DSSM has advantage because it is specifically adapted to coastal marine morphosedimentary units in different-aged lobes of the Mississippi Delta that have fine-grained (muddy) deposits interspersed by sandy deposits of paleodistributaries and interdistributaries.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3174197
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Potential natural environments based on pedological properties in the coastal conurbation of subtropical southeast Florida.
- Creator
- Finkl, Charles W., Restrepo-Coupe, N.
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3183217
- Format
- Document (PDF)