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Title: REEF WARS: MONITORING AND PREDICTING PHASE SHIFTS ON FLORIDA CORAL REEFS.
Creator: Conkling, Megan, Pomponi, Shirley A., Hindle, Tobin, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Geosciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description: Reefs off the coast of Florida face threats from stressors associated with climate change which leads to phase shifts. Under rapid climate change, a clear understanding of how reefs and their benthic organisms respond is still lacking and needs to be investigated. Using in situ imagery, a sponge cell model, and long-term benthic biota surveys, the effects of climate change on reef dynamics were explored in this dissertation project. Results from the in situ imagery found that differences in...
Show moreReefs off the coast of Florida face threats from stressors associated with climate change which leads to phase shifts. Under rapid climate change, a clear understanding of how reefs and their benthic organisms respond is still lacking and needs to be investigated. Using in situ imagery, a sponge cell model, and long-term benthic biota surveys, the effects of climate change on reef dynamics were explored in this dissertation project. Results from the in situ imagery found that differences in spectral signatures are found between functional groups (i.e., corals, sponges, and algae) and different species from substrate. Results based on a sponge cell model and transcriptomics data have found a resilience of these sponges to the predicted thermal extremes. Results from benthic biota surveys suggested that depth and light attenuation have the largest influence on the predicted distribution of corals, sponges, and algae at Pulley Ridge. Climate change has been impacting reef benthic biota starting at the organismal scale up to the reef scale. This research demonstrates the importance of monitoring reefs at a finer scale and determining the thresholds and limits of benthic biota to projected thermal extremes to better inform resource managers to preserve these irreplaceable ecosystems.
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Date Issued: 2023
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014323
Subject Headings: Reefs--Florida, Climate change, Coral reef ecology
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: ESTABLISHING A SPONGE HYBRIDOMA FOR THE IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF A MARINE NATURAL PRODUCT.
Creator: Dougan, Cassady, Pomponi, Shirley A., Florida Atlantic University, Department of Marine Science and Oceanography, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description: Marine sponges are one of the most prolific sources of chemical compounds with pharmaceutical importance. To establish a supply of such compounds large enough for clinical development, in vitro production methodology was investigated. Since all sponge cells do not divide in culture, it was hypothesized that the fusion of rapidly dividing cells of a sponge that does not produce any compounds of interest with cells of a nondividing but compound-producing sponge would result in a hybridoma that...
Show moreMarine sponges are one of the most prolific sources of chemical compounds with pharmaceutical importance. To establish a supply of such compounds large enough for clinical development, in vitro production methodology was investigated. Since all sponge cells do not divide in culture, it was hypothesized that the fusion of rapidly dividing cells of a sponge that does not produce any compounds of interest with cells of a nondividing but compound-producing sponge would result in a hybridoma that produces the compound of interest. In this study, hybridomas have been produced with cells of two marine sponges, Axinella corrugata, which produces the antitumor compound stevensine, and Geodia neptuni, which divides rapidly in a nutrient medium optimized for sponge cell culture. Successful hybridization and subsequent cell division and in vitro stevensine production may unlock the potential for sustainable mass production of other sponge-derived compounds.
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Date Issued: 2022
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014024
Subject Headings: Marine natural products, Sponges, Hybridomas, In vitro
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: CUBA’S MESOPHOTIC CORAL REEFS Sponge Photo Identification Guide 1st Edition.
Creator: Diaz, Maria Cristina, Pomponi, Shirley A., Reed, John K., Busutil, Linnet, Garcia-Hernandez, Maria Rosa
Abstract/Description: Mesophotic coral reef ecosystems (MCEs) are light-dependent benthic communities that occur deeper than shallow reefs and typically range from depths of 30 m to the bottom of the photic zone, which may extend to >150 m in some regions. MCEs represent in part an extension of shallow-water coral reef ecosystems and support a diverse assemblages of habitat-building taxa, including corals, sponges and algae, and associated fish (Reed et al., 2018). Many MCEs worldwide appear to be thriving...
Show moreMesophotic coral reef ecosystems (MCEs) are light-dependent benthic communities that occur deeper than shallow reefs and typically range from depths of 30 m to the bottom of the photic zone, which may extend to >150 m in some regions. MCEs represent in part an extension of shallow-water coral reef ecosystems and support a diverse assemblages of habitat-building taxa, including corals, sponges and algae, and associated fish (Reed et al., 2018). Many MCEs worldwide appear to be thriving compared to shallow reefs. The deep reef refugia hypothesis suggests that MCEs may be less impacted from natural and anthropogenic impacts than shallow coral reefs, and may be more stable and resilient than shallow reefs. MCEs may also act as refugia for shallow reef species through the export of fish and coral larvae. However, it is now apparent that MCEs are also vulnerable to disturbances from all facets of perturbations including climate change, bottom trawling, invasive species, and pollution. Whereas considerable data have been reported regarding the distribution, ecology, and health of Cuba’s shallow reefs, relatively little is known about the distribution, community structure and health of Cuba’s deep mesophotic reefs. Cuba’s strong marine policies and legislation has already resulted in 105 MPAs, covering nearly 25% of its insular shelf, yet overfishing, poaching, pollution and global warming are threats to these vulnerable ecosystems, as reefs worldwide are threatened.
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Date Issued: 2019
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000405
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Morphological Diagnoses of Sponges Collected at Shelf-edge MPAs from Eastern Florida to North Carolina, between depths of 51 and 150 m, during CIOERT Expeditions (2018-2019).
Creator: Diaz Ronda, Maria Cristina, Farrington, Stephanie, Reed, John K., Pomponi, Shirley A.
Abstract/Description: This paper is a result of the taxonomic analyses of the sponges collected during the NOAA Ship Pisces expeditions in 2018 and 2019 with the University of North Carolina, Wilmington (UNCW) Mohawk ROV. This is part of a 9-year project conducted by NOAA National Marine Fisheries (NMF) in collaboration with the Cooperative Institute for Ocean Exploration, Research, and Technology (CIOERT) at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University (HBOI-FAU) to document and monitor the...
Show moreThis paper is a result of the taxonomic analyses of the sponges collected during the NOAA Ship Pisces expeditions in 2018 and 2019 with the University of North Carolina, Wilmington (UNCW) Mohawk ROV. This is part of a 9-year project conducted by NOAA National Marine Fisheries (NMF) in collaboration with the Cooperative Institute for Ocean Exploration, Research, and Technology (CIOERT) at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University (HBOI-FAU) to document and monitor the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) of the southeastern U.S. continental shelf (eastern Florida to North Carolina, 50-165 m deep). The most prominent and conspicuous sponges were collected with the intention of evaluating the biodiversity of this important benthic group in these mesophotic habitats. Eleven sponge samples were collected, and taxonomic evaluation, studying the internal and external morphology, resulted in: 1) three well recognized species from the Tropical Western Atlantic (Leiodermatium lynceus, Neofibularia nolitangere, Clathria foliacea), 2) four species with sibling recognized species but with major morphological differences that might require the description of new species (Epipolasis cf. profunda, Cliona cf. tumula, Cliona aff. celata), and 3) three species that only could receive generic assignations (Penares sp.1, Clathria sp.1, and Aaptos sp.1). These results show that more than half of the species collected represent unknown species to science, or unknown variations of recognized species. Careful comparison with species types and observations of spicules under SEM would allow the necessary evidence to characterize and classify these new species or varieties. We suggest further characterization of these novel fauna considering their level of abundance and distribution in the MPAs studied. A synoptic description of each species studied, with live, deck and microscopy photographs is here presented.
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Date Issued: 2018 - 2019
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000407
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: EVALUATION OF 3-D CULTURE METHODS FOR MARINE SPONGES.
Creator: Urban-Gedamke, Elizabeth, Pomponi, Shirley A., Florida Atlantic University, Department of Marine Science and Oceanography, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description: Marine sponges are economically and environmentally valuable, but restoration, commercial, and biomedical demands exceed what wild populations and aquaculture can provide. In vitro culture of sponge cells is a promising alternative, but has remained elusive until recent breakthroughs involving improved nutrient medium M1 in two-dimensional culture. The advantages of three-dimensional over two-dimensional cell culture have been increasingly recognized. Here we report the successful 21-day...
Show moreMarine sponges are economically and environmentally valuable, but restoration, commercial, and biomedical demands exceed what wild populations and aquaculture can provide. In vitro culture of sponge cells is a promising alternative, but has remained elusive until recent breakthroughs involving improved nutrient medium M1 in two-dimensional culture. The advantages of three-dimensional over two-dimensional cell culture have been increasingly recognized. Here we report the successful 21-day culture of cells from the marine sponge Geodia neptuni using multiple three-dimensional cell culture methods: FibraCel© disks, thin hydrogel layers, gel micro droplets, and spheroid cell culture. These methods performed comparably to two-dimensional control cultures, and each method offers advantages for restoration or in vitro applications using sponge cells. Further optimization of these methods may lead to the ability to culture fully functioning sponges from dissociated, cryopreserved cells, which will reduce the need for wild harvest of sponge tissues for commercial, restoration, and biomedical purposes.
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Date Issued: 2021
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013726
Subject Headings: Sponges, Cell Culture--methods
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Cuba's Mesophotic Coral Reefs and Associated Fish Communities.
Creator: Reed, John K., Gonzalez-Diaz, Patricia, Busutil, Linnet, Farrington, Stephanie, Martínez-Daranas, Beatriz, Cobián Rojas, Dorka, Voss, Joshua, Diaz, Maria Cristina, David, Andrew, Hanisak, M. Dennis, Mendez, Juliett Gonzalez, Garcia Rodriguez, Alain, González-Sanchez, Patricia M., Viamontes Fernandez, Jorge, Estrada Perez, Daniel, Studivan, Michael, Drummond, Felicia, Jiang, Mingshun, Pomponi, Shirley A.
Date Issued: 2018
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000351
Format: Citation

Title: Documenting Trematode Larvae in Marine Sponges.
Creator: Plunkett, Rachel, Pomponi, Shirley A., Graduate College
Abstract/Description: Parasitic trematode larvae (cercariae and metacercariae) were discovered in a nearshore sponge habitat on Summerland Key, FL. This is a life cycle study of these consecutive larval stages in the sponge microenvironment. The goal of this research is to elucidate information on the life cycle of these trematodes by (1) identifying the trematode taxa present in the sponge microenvironment, (2) identifying the invertebrate host organism(s) preferred by each taxon, and (3) documenting the...
Show moreParasitic trematode larvae (cercariae and metacercariae) were discovered in a nearshore sponge habitat on Summerland Key, FL. This is a life cycle study of these consecutive larval stages in the sponge microenvironment. The goal of this research is to elucidate information on the life cycle of these trematodes by (1) identifying the trematode taxa present in the sponge microenvironment, (2) identifying the invertebrate host organism(s) preferred by each taxon, and (3) documenting the hostparasite histology. This presentation shows a combination of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs documenting the histology of trematodes in sponges. In future analyses, 18s rDNA sequencing will be used as a preliminary screening of the taxa present in sponge tissues, and oligonucleotide probes will be developed to detect these parasites in the invertebrate symbionts of the sponges. This combination of microscopy and molecular approaches will elucidate linkages between developmental stages and provide information on the pathway(s) these parasites use to reach their final host(s). These larval stages are important to study in trematode life cycles because they develop into endoparasites of vertebrates; which in this case are likely fish which eat the sponge. Reef fishes such as Acanthostracion quadricornis (scrawled cowfish), Holocanthus ciliaris (queen angelfish), and Holocanthus tricolor (rock beauty) opportunistically consume sponges of this particular genus (Spongia). Much is known about the health impacts of adult trematodes in fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals; however, there is little data directly linking diet choices with infection. Trematodes have not been reported in sponges in previous literature.
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Date Issued: 2015
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00005908
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Cruise Report. Cuba's Twilight Zone Reefs: Remotely Operated Vehicle Surveys of Deep/Mesophotic Coral Reefs and Associated Fish Communities of Cuba.
Creator: Reed, John K., Farrington, Stephanie, Gonzalez-Diaz, Patricia, Lopez, Linnet Busutil, Martínez-Daranas, Beatriz, Cobián Rojas, Dorka, Voss, Joshua, Hanisak, M. Dennis, Diaz, Maria Cristina, Jiang, Mingshun, Studivan, Michael, David, Andrew, Drummond, Felicia, Mendez, Juliett Gonzalez, Garcia Rodriguez, Alain, González-Sanchez, Patricia M., Fernández, Jorge Viamontes, Pérez, Daniel Estrada, Horn, Lance, White, Jason, Pomponi, Shirley A.
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this research cruise was to discover and characterize, for the first time, the extent of mesophotic reefs along the entire coastline of Cuba, and to compare the health and connectivity (physical, genetic and ecological) among both mesophotic and previously well-characterized shallow reef systems in Cuba, the southeastern United States, and Gulf of Mexico (in particular, the FGBNMS and FKNMS). Moreover, the project will directly address a recommendation in the Report from...
Show moreThe purpose of this research cruise was to discover and characterize, for the first time, the extent of mesophotic reefs along the entire coastline of Cuba, and to compare the health and connectivity (physical, genetic and ecological) among both mesophotic and previously well-characterized shallow reef systems in Cuba, the southeastern United States, and Gulf of Mexico (in particular, the FGBNMS and FKNMS). Moreover, the project will directly address a recommendation in the Report from MarCuba (2015) in which the U.S. and Cuban participants in this project stated their intention to initiate an international collaboration.
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Date Issued: 2017-10-31
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000226
Format: Citation

Title: Characterization of Mesophotic Coral/Sponge Habitats and Fish Assemblages in the Regions of Pulley Ridge and Tortugas from ROV Dives during R/V Walton Smith Cruises of 2012 to 2015.
Creator: Reed, John K., Farrington, Stephanie, David, Andrew, Harter, Stacey, Moe, Heather, Horn, Lance, Taylor, Glenn, White, Jason, Voss, Joshua, Hanisak, M. Dennis, Diaz, Maria Cristina, Pomponi, Shirley A.
Abstract/Description: This report summarizes the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) surveys during four cruises from 2012 to 2015 which characterizes the mesophotic coral reef ecosystems at Pulley Ridge and Tortugas. This research is part of a grant funded by the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science award NA11NOS4780045: “Connectivity of the Pulley Ridge - South Florida Coral Reef Ecosystem”. The University of Miami ship R/V Walton Smith was used along with the University of North Carolina at Wilmington ...
Show moreThis report summarizes the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) surveys during four cruises from 2012 to 2015 which characterizes the mesophotic coral reef ecosystems at Pulley Ridge and Tortugas. This research is part of a grant funded by the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science award NA11NOS4780045: “Connectivity of the Pulley Ridge - South Florida Coral Reef Ecosystem”. The University of Miami ship R/V Walton Smith was used along with the University of North Carolina at Wilmington (UNCW) Super Phantom ROV and the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation (NMSF) Mohawk ROV. The cruises were a collaboration of the University of Miami, HBOI-CIOERT, NOAA Fisheries, and the UNCW-CIOERT Undersea Vehicles Program.
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Date Issued: 2017-04-26
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000227
Format: Citation

Title: Natural Products from the Lithistida: A Review of the Literature since 2000.
Creator: Winder, Priscilla L., Pomponi, Shirley A., Wright, Amy E.
Abstract/Description: Lithistid sponges are known to produce a diverse array of compounds ranging from polyketides, cyclic and linear peptides, alkaloids, pigments, lipids, and sterols. A majority of these structurally complex compounds have very potent and interesting biological activities. It has been a decade since a thorough review has been published that summarizes the literature on the natural products reported from this amazing sponge order. This review provides an update on the current taxonomic...
Show moreLithistid sponges are known to produce a diverse array of compounds ranging from polyketides, cyclic and linear peptides, alkaloids, pigments, lipids, and sterols. A majority of these structurally complex compounds have very potent and interesting biological activities. It has been a decade since a thorough review has been published that summarizes the literature on the natural products reported from this amazing sponge order. This review provides an update on the current taxonomic classification of the Lithistida, describes structures and biological activities of 131 new natural products, and discusses highlights from the total syntheses of 16 compounds from marine sponges of the Order Lithistida providing a compilation of the literature since the last review published in 2002.
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Date Issued: 2011-12-15
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000059
Format: Citation

Title: Reconstruction of Family-Level Phylogenetic Relationships within Demospongiae (Porifera) Using Nuclear Encoded Housekeeping Genes.
Creator: Hill, Malcolm S., Hill, April L., Lopez, Jose V., Peterson, Kevin J., Pomponi, Shirley A., Diaz, Maria Cristina, Thacker, Robert W., Adamska, Maja, Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Cárdenas, Paco, Chaves-Fonnegra, Andia, Danka, Elizabeth, De Laine, Bre-Onna, Formica, Dawn, Hajdu, Eduardo, Lobo-Hajdu, Gisele, Klontz, Sarah, Morrow, Christine C., Patel, Jignasa, Picton, Bernard, Pisani, Davide, Pohlmann, Deborah, Redmond, Niamh E., Reed, John K., Richey, Stacy, Riesgo, Ana, Rubin, Ewelina, Russell, Zach, Rützler, Klaus, Sperling, Erik A., di Stefano, Michael, Tarver, James E., Collins, Allen G., Lin, Senjie
Abstract/Description: Background: Demosponges are challenging for phylogenetic systematics because of their plastic and relatively simple morphologies and many deep divergences between major clades. To improve understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within Demospongiae, we sequenced and analyzed seven nuclear housekeeping genes involved in a variety of cellular functions from a diverse group of sponges. Methodology/Principal Findings: We generated data from each of the four sponge classes (i.e., Calcarea,...
Show moreBackground: Demosponges are challenging for phylogenetic systematics because of their plastic and relatively simple morphologies and many deep divergences between major clades. To improve understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within Demospongiae, we sequenced and analyzed seven nuclear housekeeping genes involved in a variety of cellular functions from a diverse group of sponges. Methodology/Principal Findings: We generated data from each of the four sponge classes (i.e., Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida, and Homoscleromorpha), but focused on family-level relationships within demosponges. With data for 21 newly sampled families, our Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian-based approaches recovered previously phylogenetically defined taxa: Keratosap, Myxospongiaep, Spongillidap, Haploscleromorphap (the marine haplosclerids) and Democlaviap. We found conflicting results concerning the relationships of Keratosap and Myxospongiaep to the remaining demosponges, but our results strongly supported a clade of Haploscleromorphap+Spongillidap+Democlaviap. In contrast to hypotheses based on mitochondrial genome and ribosomal data, nuclear housekeeping gene data suggested that freshwater sponges (Spongillidap) are sister to Haploscleromorphap rather than part of Democlaviap. Within Keratosap, we found equivocal results as to the monophyly of Dictyoceratida. Within Myxospongiaep, Chondrosida and Verongida were monophyletic. A wellsupported clade within Democlaviap, Tetractinellidap, composed of all sampled members of Astrophorina and Spirophorina (including the only lithistid in our analysis), was consistently revealed as the sister group to all other members of Democlaviap. Within Tetractinellidap, we did not recover monophyletic Astrophorina or Spirophorina. Our results also reaffirmed the monophyly of order Poecilosclerida (excluding Desmacellidae and Raspailiidae), and polyphyly of Hadromerida and Halichondrida. Conclusions/Significance: These results, using an independent nuclear gene set, confirmed many hypotheses based on ribosomal and/or mitochondrial genes, and they also identified clades with low statistical support or clades that conflicted with traditional morphological classification. Our results will serve as a basis for future exploration of these outstanding questions using more taxon- and gene-rich datasets.
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Date Issued: 2013-01-23
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FAUIR000044
Format: Citation

Title: Cellular Basis of Sponge-Sponge Associations.
Creator: Conkling, Megan, Pomponi, Shirley A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences
Abstract/Description: Marine sponges interact and coexist with many different organisms. A two-sponge association between Amphimedon erina and Geodia gibberosa commonly occurs in the Florida Keys. Previous studies have only focused on the ecological influence of the association; they did not examine the cellular basis of the association. This association between A. erina and G. gibberosa was used in the development of an in vitro model to further the understanding of the cellular basis of natural sponge-sponge...
Show moreMarine sponges interact and coexist with many different organisms. A two-sponge association between Amphimedon erina and Geodia gibberosa commonly occurs in the Florida Keys. Previous studies have only focused on the ecological influence of the association; they did not examine the cellular basis of the association. This association between A. erina and G. gibberosa was used in the development of an in vitro model to further the understanding of the cellular basis of natural sponge-sponge associations. In this study, sponge cells were cultured individually and in co-cultures and their responses related to apoptosis, cell death, and proliferation were monitored using high content imaging. Co-cultured cells of species that form sponge-sponge associations did not have the same cellular responses compared to co-cultured cells of species that do not form sponge-sponge associations. Protein expression analyses demonstrated that the model that was established does not mimic the cellular response of the association in nature, but this model can be used to test in vitro cellular interactions of sponge species that do not form associations in nature. In addition, the protein expression data that were obtained revealed that sponges use similar apoptotic pathways as humans and suggest that sponge cells may shut down cell cycling in order to repair damaged DNA. This research is a small piece to the puzzle that is sponge cell culture research.
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Date Issued: 2017
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004848, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004848
Subject Headings: Sponges--Habitat--Florida., Marine invertebrates--Florida., Aquatic invertebrates--Cultures and culture media., Apoptosis., Cell culture., Symbiosis.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Discovery of Loxosomella vivipara (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae) in the Marine Sponge Hippospongia cf. gossypina (Porifera: Spongiidae) in the Florida Keys.
Creator: Plunkett, Rachel, Pomponi, Shirley A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences
Abstract/Description: Populations of a marine invertebrate symbiont were found on the outer surface and internal spaces of a keratose sponge from a shallow bay in the Florida Keys in May 2014. A total of 24 specimens of the seagrass and reef-dwelling sponge were collected between May 2014 and August 2015 to provide material to identify both host and symbiont, and elucidate information on the nature of the association. Based on a morphological analysis via light microscopy, histology, and scanning electron...
Show morePopulations of a marine invertebrate symbiont were found on the outer surface and internal spaces of a keratose sponge from a shallow bay in the Florida Keys in May 2014. A total of 24 specimens of the seagrass and reef-dwelling sponge were collected between May 2014 and August 2015 to provide material to identify both host and symbiont, and elucidate information on the nature of the association. Based on a morphological analysis via light microscopy, histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 99% similarity in aligned partial sequences from 28S and 18S nuclear ribosomal genes (rDNA), the symbiont was identified as the solitary entoproct Loxosomella vivipara Nielsen, 1966 (Entoprocta: Loxosomatidae). A partial sequence from the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region 2 (ITS2) of L. vivipara was registered to GenBank for the first time. The identity of the host sponge, based on a morphological investigation, is resolved as “velvet sponge” Hippospongia cf. gossypina Duchassing and Michelotti, 1864 (Demospongiae: Spongiidae). This is the first report of an entoproct commensal from Hippospongia cf. gossypina, a sponge that formerly had great commercial value when it was abundant throughout the Bahamas, Florida Keys and Gulf of Mexico. Other common sponge species at the study site were collected to investigate the host specificity of L. vivipara. Evidence that L. vivipara favorably selects the sponges Hippospongia cf. gossypina and Chondrilla nucula over other potential host sponges at the study site is provided. Commensalism is the most plausible justification for this relationship: L. vivipara is dependent on sponges for protection and food particles, while the sponges are unaffected by its presence. Further evidence of host-specific inquilinism is provided for L. vivipara associated with Hippospongia cf. gossypina, but not for L. vivipara associated with C. nucula. An inquilinistic association between an entoproct and sponge is a rare discovery only mentioned in one previous study. Sponge aquiferous qualities such as aperture and canal size, canal and choanocyte chamber arrangement, seawater pumping rate, and food particle size selection are likely factors that inhibit or enable inquilinism in sponge-entoproct associations – a potential topic for future researc
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Date Issued: 2016
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004791, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004791
Subject Headings: Marine invertebrates--Florida., Sponges--Habitat--Florida., Marine resources--Florida--Management., Aquatic biology., Entoprocta--Classification.
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Marine natural products.
Creator: Pomponi, Shirley A., Wright, Amy E., Reed, John K., McCarthy, Peter J.
Date Issued: 1999
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007503
Subject Headings: Marine natural products
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Sponge cell culture.
Creator: Pomponi, Shirley A., Willoughby, Robin, Kelly-Borges, M.
Date Issued: 1998
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007453
Subject Headings: Sponges, Sponges--Cytology, Cell culture
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. 2nd ed.
Creator: Pomponi, Shirley A.
Date Issued: 1998
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007454
Subject Headings: Aquatic invertebrates, Mollusks--United States--Nomenclature, Mollusks -- Canada -- Nomenclature
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Bioactivity of marine organisms: relationships with taxonomy, geography and depth.
Creator: Reed, John K., Sennett, Susan H., McCarthy, Peter J., Pitts, Tara P., Wright, Amy E., Pomponi, Shirley A.
Date Issued: 1998
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007421
Subject Headings: Marine organisms, Bioactive compounds, Marine natural products
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: A molecular systematic survey of sponge derived microbes.
Creator: Sandell, K., Peterson, C. L., Harmody, Dedra K., McCarthy, Peter J., Pomponi, Shirley A., Lopez, Jose V.
Date Issued: 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007425
Subject Headings: Sponges, Marine microbiology, Symbiosis, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, DNA Fingerprinting
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Phylogenetic classification of the halichondrids (Porifera, Demospongiae).
Creator: Van Soest, Rob W. M., Diaz, Maria Cristina, Pomponi, Shirley A.
Date Issued: 1990
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007404
Subject Headings: Cladistic analysis, Halichondrida, Demospongiae, Chemotaxonomy, Phylogeny
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Sponge cell culture for production of bioactive metabolites.
Creator: Pomponi, Shirley A., Willoughby, Robin
Date Issued: 1994
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007381
Subject Headings: Sponges, Cell culture, Metabolites, Bioactive compounds
Format: Document (PDF)

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