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- Title
- A SAVANNA MONKEY IN THE RAINFOREST: FILLING CRITICAL KNOWLEDGE GAPS OF ONE OF AFRICA’S MOST ENIGMATIC PRIMATES, CHLOROCEBUS DRYAS.
- Creator
- Alempijevic, Daniel, Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Department of Anthropology, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters
- Abstract/Description
-
The dryas monkey Chlorocebus dryas, is one of Africa's most enigmatic primates. It was found in the buffer zone of the Lomami National Park (LNP) in 2014, approximately 400 km from its known range. This new record initiated much needed field research on the species’ distribution, habitat preference, behavior, and the validity of the conspecific Cercopithecus salongo. In Chapter 2, we used local knowledge to select sites for a camera trap survey to determine habitat use and relative abundance...
Show moreThe dryas monkey Chlorocebus dryas, is one of Africa's most enigmatic primates. It was found in the buffer zone of the Lomami National Park (LNP) in 2014, approximately 400 km from its known range. This new record initiated much needed field research on the species’ distribution, habitat preference, behavior, and the validity of the conspecific Cercopithecus salongo. In Chapter 2, we used local knowledge to select sites for a camera trap survey to determine habitat use and relative abundance and tested the hypothesis that dryas monkeys are more abundant in the protected LNP than in the buffer zone. Dryas monkeys were detected most frequently in the buffer zone and less in the park, thus we rejected our hypothesis. In Chapter 3, we conducted a survey using a species-specific method to accumulate videos of C. dryas. We used these videos to determine if C. dryas and C. salongo are synonymous. Camera traps revealed an ontogenetic change in pelage pattern that supports the hypothesis that C. salongo is the adult of C. dryas. In Chapter 4, we investigated new occurrences of dryas monkeys in gallery forests in the southern LNP. We tested the hypothesis that dryas monkeys prefer the forest-prairie ecotone over continuous rainforest using occupancy models. Despite considerable effort, only one adult male was detected. Estimated dryas monkey occupancy was 45-91 % in continuous forest and 0-7 % in gallery forest. We rejected our hypothesis that dryas monkeys prefer the forest-prairie ecotone over continuous rainforest. The dryas monkey Chlorocebus dryas, is one of Africa's most enigmatic primates. It was found in the buffer zone of the Lomami National Park (LNP) in 2014, approximately 400 km from its known range. This new record initiated much needed field research on the species’ distribution, habitat preference, behavior, and the validity of the conspecific Cercopithecus salongo. In Chapter 2, we used local knowledge to select sites for a camera trap survey to determine habitat use and relative abundance and tested the hypothesis that dryas monkeys are more abundant in the protected LNP than in the buffer zone. Dryas monkeys were detected most frequently in the buffer zone and less in the park, thus we rejected our hypothesis. In Chapter 3, we conducted a survey using a species-specific method to accumulate videos of C. dryas. We used these videos to determine if C. dryas and C. salongo are synonymous. Camera traps revealed an ontogenetic change in pelage pattern that supports the hypothesis that C. salongo is the adult of C. dryas. In Chapter 4, we investigated new occurrences of dryas monkeys in gallery forests in the southern LNP. We tested the hypothesis that dryas monkeys prefer the forest-prairie ecotone over continuous rainforest using occupancy models. Despite considerable effort, only one adult male was detected. Estimated dryas monkey occupancy was 45-91 % in continuous forest and 0-7 % in gallery forest. We rejected our hypothesis that dryas monkeys prefer the forest-prairie ecotone over continuous rainforest. The dryas monkey Chlorocebus dryas, is one of Africa's most enigmatic primates. It was found in the buffer zone of the Lomami National Park (LNP) in 2014, approximately 400 km from its known range. This new record initiated much needed field research on the species’ distribution, habitat preference, behavior, and the validity of the conspecific Cercopithecus salongo. In Chapter 2, we used local knowledge to select sites for a camera trap survey to determine habitat use and relative abundance and tested the hypothesis that dryas monkeys are more abundant in the protected LNP than in the buffer zone. Dryas monkeys were detected most frequently in the buffer zone and less in the park, thus we rejected our hypothesis. In Chapter 3, we conducted a survey using a species-specific method to accumulate videos of C. dryas. We used these videos to determine if C. dryas and C. salongo are synonymous. Camera traps revealed an ontogenetic change in pelage pattern that supports the hypothesis that C. salongo is the adult of C. dryas. In Chapter 4, we investigated new occurrences of dryas monkeys in gallery forests in the southern LNP. We tested the hypothesis that dryas monkeys prefer the forest-prairie ecotone over continuous rainforest using occupancy models. Despite considerable effort, only one adult male was detected. Estimated dryas monkey occupancy was 45-91 % in continuous forest and 0-7 % in gallery forest. We rejected our hypothesis that dryas monkeys prefer the forest-prairie ecotone over continuous rainforestThe dryas monkey Chlorocebus dryas, is one of Africa's most enigmatic primates. It was found in the buffer zone of the Lomami National Park (LNP) in 2014, approximately 400 km from its known range. This new record initiated much needed field research on the species’ distribution, habitat preference, behavior, and the validity of the conspecific Cercopithecus salongo. In Chapter 2, we used local knowledge to select sites for a camera trap survey to determine habitat use and relative abundance and tested the hypothesis that dryas monkeys are more abundant in the protected LNP than in the buffer zone. Dryas monkeys were detected most frequently in the buffer zone and less in the park, thus we rejected our hypothesis. In Chapter 3, we conducted a survey using a species-specific method to accumulate videos of C. dryas. We used these videos to determine if C. dryas and C. salongo are synonymous. Camera traps revealed an ontogenetic change in pelage pattern that supports the hypothesis that C. salongo is the adult of C. dryas. In Chapter 4, we investigated new occurrences of dryas monkeys in gallery forests in the southern LNP. We tested the hypothesis that dryas monkeys prefer the forest-prairie ecotone over continuous rainforest using occupancy models. Despite considerable effort, only one adult male was detected. Estimated dryas monkey occupancy was 45-91 % in continuous forest and 0-7 % in gallery forest. We rejected our hypothesis that dryas monkeys prefer the forest-prairie ecotone over continuous rainforest.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2023
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014121
- Subject Headings
- Savanna monkey, Chlorocebus dryas
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- WHOLE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES OF WILD CERCOPITHECUS MONKEYS FROM THE CONGO BASIN.
- Creator
- Parke, Stacy-Anne, Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Department of Anthropology, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters
- Abstract/Description
-
Bioinformatics tools applied to large-scale genomic datasets have helped develop our understanding of primate phylogenetics. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that biological data are accumulating faster than the current capacity of the bioanthropological community to analyze, integrate, and mine the data. Subsequently, this affects how anthropologists create and distribute knowledge. There is a growing need for more training in bioinformatics within anthropological spaces and the...
Show moreBioinformatics tools applied to large-scale genomic datasets have helped develop our understanding of primate phylogenetics. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that biological data are accumulating faster than the current capacity of the bioanthropological community to analyze, integrate, and mine the data. Subsequently, this affects how anthropologists create and distribute knowledge. There is a growing need for more training in bioinformatics within anthropological spaces and the development of user-friendly bioinformatic tools for analysis, mining, and modeling of both local and global datasets. This thesis showcases the use of (applied) bioinformatics tools to construct seven new whole mitochondrial genomes to study primate variation. Furthermore, this thesis entails an investigation of the guenon radiation to develop and document bioinformatics and statistical tools to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Cercopithecus. Finally, the utility of the pipelines for other researchers in the Detwiler Lab Group and the potential for further phylogenetic studies are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2022
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014041
- Subject Headings
- Cercopithecus, Bioinformatics, Monkeys, Congo
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- DIETARY VARIABILITY IN A GROUP OF MIXED-SPECIES CERCOPITHECUS MONKEYS (CERCOPITHECUS MITIS, C. ASCANIUS AND C. MITIS X C. ASCANIUS) IN MKENKE VALLEY, GOMBE NATIONAL PARK, TANZANIA.
- Creator
- Crawford, Sarah, Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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This research represents the first multi-year investigation of the feeding ecology of Gombe’s Cercopithecus populations. The main goal of this study was to identify dietary overlap and distinctiveness among the phenotypes in our study group, a mixed species group of guenons comprised of C. ascanius, C. mitis, and C. ascanius x C. mitis hybrids. Field assistants collected feeding data using ad libitum observations as well as instantaneous scan sampling at 30-minute intervals from July 2014 to...
Show moreThis research represents the first multi-year investigation of the feeding ecology of Gombe’s Cercopithecus populations. The main goal of this study was to identify dietary overlap and distinctiveness among the phenotypes in our study group, a mixed species group of guenons comprised of C. ascanius, C. mitis, and C. ascanius x C. mitis hybrids. Field assistants collected feeding data using ad libitum observations as well as instantaneous scan sampling at 30-minute intervals from July 2014 to December 2018. A total of 63 plant species were identified in our group’s diet. Results indicate that a significant difference exists between the diets of each phenotype. The results also found an unusually high percentage of invertebrate eating (54%) in our group. These findings suggest that invertebrates are an important food resource for the Gombe study group and may help facilitate coexistence in an environment where there are many sympatric primate species.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013295
- Subject Headings
- Cercopithecus, Gombe National Park (Tanzania), Phenotype, Sympatry (Biology), Animals--Food
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Guenon Hybridization and Its Effects on Parasite Infection in Gombe National Park, Tanzania.
- Creator
- Blair, Raymond C. Jr., Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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Fecal samples were obtained from guenons in Gombe National Park utilizing noninvasive, opportunistic sampling techniques. Samples were then examined for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites using chlorazol black stain, Lugol’s iodine staining, as well as concentration via fecal flotation with Sheather’s sugar solution. Results were analyzed using SPSS (IBM corp), and compared to other forested regions in Africa to determine whether hybridization influences parasite prevalence of these...
Show moreFecal samples were obtained from guenons in Gombe National Park utilizing noninvasive, opportunistic sampling techniques. Samples were then examined for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites using chlorazol black stain, Lugol’s iodine staining, as well as concentration via fecal flotation with Sheather’s sugar solution. Results were analyzed using SPSS (IBM corp), and compared to other forested regions in Africa to determine whether hybridization influences parasite prevalence of these guenons living in Gombe; and if these guenons differ from similar guenons in other regions of Africa. The null hypothesis was unable to be rejected in all cases; hybridization could not be stated as a contributing factor for differences found in parasitic prevalence rates. Furthermore, no statistical difference was found between Gombe’s guenons, and those living in other regions of Africa in most cases. The author suspects that the abundance of parasitic generalists discovered, small sample size, and opportunistic sampling protocol contribute to these finding.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004914, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004914
- Subject Headings
- Gombe National Park (Tanzania), Monkeys--Habitat--Tanzania--Gombe National Park., Primates--Pathogens., Primates--Habitat., Fragmented landscapes., Pathogenic microorganisms.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- A Conservation Genetic Study of Cercopithecus mitis in the Lomami Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Creator
- Leroy, Ailissa, Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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The Cercopithecus mitis radiation has significant phenotypic and ecological diversity, making it a great candidate for evolutionary genetic studies. This study represents the first genetic survey of C. mitis from well provenanced wild populations, including C. mitis heymansi from the TL2 landscape, an area of remote tropical forest between the Tshuapa, Lomami, and Lualaba rivers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tissue samples were collected from 7 male blue monkeys, DNA was extracted...
Show moreThe Cercopithecus mitis radiation has significant phenotypic and ecological diversity, making it a great candidate for evolutionary genetic studies. This study represents the first genetic survey of C. mitis from well provenanced wild populations, including C. mitis heymansi from the TL2 landscape, an area of remote tropical forest between the Tshuapa, Lomami, and Lualaba rivers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tissue samples were collected from 7 male blue monkeys, DNA was extracted and surveyed at 919 bp of the Testis-Specific Protein Y-chromosome (TSPY), and added to a larger dataset including other C. mitis and C. albogularis specimens. Evolutionary analyses suggests TL2 C. mitis shared recent genetic contact with C. albogularis at the headwaters of the Congo River than with conspecifics to the northeast, indicating the Congo River is a significant biogeographic barrier to C. mitis and sheds new light on their genetic heritage, taxonomic assignment, and conservation status.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004608, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004608
- Subject Headings
- Congo (Democratic Republic), Lomami National Park--Congo (Democratic Republic), Cercopithecus mitis--Congo (Democratic Republic)--Lomami National Park--Ecology., Cercopithecidae--Congo (Democratic Republic)--Lomami National Park--Evolution., Mammals--Congo (Democratic Republic)--Lomami National Park--Identification., Conservation biology--Congo (Democratic Republic)--Lomami National Park.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Coat Color Variation Between Red-tailed Monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius), Blue Monkeys (C. mitis), and Hybrids (C. ascanius x C. mitis) in Gombe National Park, Tanzania.
- Creator
- Tapanes, Elizabeth, Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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Cercopithecus monkeys are a species-rich radiation where interspecific mating leads to novel phenotypes due to pelage color and pattern diversity within the genus. The goals of this thesis were to (1) test a new method for studying color objectively in wild arboreal primates, and (2) apply a phenotypic hybrid index (PHI) to known individuals of a hybrid zone between C. ascanius and C. mitis in Gombe National Park, Tanzania through the use of digital photography. I scored seven pelage...
Show moreCercopithecus monkeys are a species-rich radiation where interspecific mating leads to novel phenotypes due to pelage color and pattern diversity within the genus. The goals of this thesis were to (1) test a new method for studying color objectively in wild arboreal primates, and (2) apply a phenotypic hybrid index (PHI) to known individuals of a hybrid zone between C. ascanius and C. mitis in Gombe National Park, Tanzania through the use of digital photography. I scored seven pelage character states as 0 (C. mitis), 0.25 (mitis-like), 0.50 (intermediate), 0.75 (ascanius-like), or 1 (C. ascanius). Photos indicate most phenotypic hybrids express a white nose spot, but all other regions of pelage color and pattern are variable, and an assortment of hybrid phenotypes are seen at Gombe. Results indicate it is currently not possible to extend parameters for assessing color objectively with RGB values, but numerical non-RGB methods show promise.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004636
- Subject Headings
- Gombe National Park (Tanzania), Chimpanzees -- Tanzania -- Gombe National Park., Red colobus monkey -- Ecology.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Osteological Analysis of the Human Remains at Markham Park I and II: Social Standing and Age Questions.
- Creator
- Verdes, Ruben, Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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This thesis attempts to analyze the osteological material of Markham Parks I and II, two sites from Broward County, Florida from a bioarchaeological perspective in order to understand the possible presence of social stratification that existed between both populations at Markham Park and in line with other Florida populations. The analysis includes a look at the average stature of both populations through the use of estimation formulas, as well as taking note of any features on long bones...
Show moreThis thesis attempts to analyze the osteological material of Markham Parks I and II, two sites from Broward County, Florida from a bioarchaeological perspective in order to understand the possible presence of social stratification that existed between both populations at Markham Park and in line with other Florida populations. The analysis includes a look at the average stature of both populations through the use of estimation formulas, as well as taking note of any features on long bones that could denote the possible presence of injury or nutritional maladies which could be indications of social hardships. It also includes a close look at dentition for the presence of possible nutritional deficiencies such as enamel hypoplasias, as well as an analysis to corroborate findings made in initial reports regarding the cataloging of the remains, particularly in the areas of MNI and ancestry. Such analysis can hopefully bring further insight into the lifestyles of those that occupied Florida before contact.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004681
- Subject Headings
- Human remains (Archaeology) -- Florida., Human skeleton -- Analysis., Human skeleton -- Identification.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- A camera trap study of the cyptic, terrestrial guenon cercopithecus lomamiensis in Central Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Creator
- McPhee, Steven G., Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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From October-December 2013, we conducted a study of the newly discovered primate species lesula, Cercopithecus lomamiensis, in the DR Congo. We placed 41 camera traps inside a 4 km2 grid outside the proposed Lomami National Park (LNP). We compared an analysis of 140 lesula events over 1,683 camera trap days from the heavily hunted Okulu area to a pilot study (38 events over 462 camera trap days) at the Losekola study site within the LNP. Our data show an unexpected result: capture probability...
Show moreFrom October-December 2013, we conducted a study of the newly discovered primate species lesula, Cercopithecus lomamiensis, in the DR Congo. We placed 41 camera traps inside a 4 km2 grid outside the proposed Lomami National Park (LNP). We compared an analysis of 140 lesula events over 1,683 camera trap days from the heavily hunted Okulu area to a pilot study (38 events over 462 camera trap days) at the Losekola study site within the LNP. Our data show an unexpected result: capture probability of lesula (0.08) is the same at both the hunted and non-hunted sites. This is in contrast to the sharp decline in capture probability of all other medium-to-large terrestrial mammals at the Okulu site. These findings suggest lesula’s cryptic behavior is an important adaptation buffering the species from the impacts of hunting. This study also expands knowledge on minimum group size, terrestriality, diet, and times of activity.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004391, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004391
- Subject Headings
- Cercopithecidae -- Behavior, Congo (Democratic Republic), Lomami National Park -- Congo (Democratic Republic), Mammals -- Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Identification, Primates behavior, Wildlife watching -- Congo (Democratic Republic)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Sex Estimation in Subadult Skeletons: A Test of Eight Nonmetric Traits of the Mandible and Ilium.
- Creator
- Reinman, Alyssa Shiloh, Broadfield, Douglas C., Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
-
Diagnosing the sex of subadult skeletal material is a difficult task for bioarchaeologists and forensic anthropologists. Metric and nonmetric techniques have been tested utilizing both fetal (Boucher 1957, Weaver 1980) and juvenile (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Weaver 1980) skeletal remains. Some metric techniques show promise in estimating the sex of juvenile skeletons, but most are found to be lacking in adequate accuracies (Holcomb and Konigsberg 1995, Weaver 1980). Nonmetric techniques have...
Show moreDiagnosing the sex of subadult skeletal material is a difficult task for bioarchaeologists and forensic anthropologists. Metric and nonmetric techniques have been tested utilizing both fetal (Boucher 1957, Weaver 1980) and juvenile (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Weaver 1980) skeletal remains. Some metric techniques show promise in estimating the sex of juvenile skeletons, but most are found to be lacking in adequate accuracies (Holcomb and Konigsberg 1995, Weaver 1980). Nonmetric techniques have been found to be more accurate, performing better than chance (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Mittler and Sheridan 1992, Weaver 1980). This study adds to this conversation, utilizing the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, testing the accuracy of eight nonmetric traits of the subadult mandible and ilium for use in forensic investigations and bioarchaeological research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004539, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004539
- Subject Headings
- Anthropometry, Forensic anthropology, Forensic osteology, Human remains (Archaeology), Ilium -- Sex differences, Maxilla -- Sex differences, Physical anthropology
- Format
- Document (PDF)