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Title: The effects of temporal distance on attitude-behavioral intention correspondence.
Creator: Sagristano, Michael D., New York University
Abstract/Description: We often find that our behavioral intentions for the near-future do not necessarily correspond with our attitudes or values. Intentions for the distant-future, however, tend to exhibit such correspondence. The following set of experiments analyzes attitude-intention correspondence through the framework of Construal Level Theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003)., Construal level theory proposes that mental representations of distant future targets are abstract, highlighting the essential or primary...
Show moreWe often find that our behavioral intentions for the near-future do not necessarily correspond with our attitudes or values. Intentions for the distant-future, however, tend to exhibit such correspondence. The following set of experiments analyzes attitude-intention correspondence through the framework of Construal Level Theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003)., Construal level theory proposes that mental representations of distant future targets are abstract, highlighting the essential or primary characteristics of the target. Near-future representations are said to highlight secondary or non-essential features of the target. Based upon these assumptions, distant-future representations of behavior should be more compatible with primary attitudes or values, while near-future representations should be more compatible with secondary attitudes. As a result, attitude-intention correspondence should be greater in distant-future situations for primary attitudes or values, but greater in near-future situations for secondary attitudes., Four experiments demonstrated this assertion to be the case, as primary attitudes were utilized more in making a decision when the outcomes of the decision take place in the distant future (e.g. several months) versus the near future (e.g. several hours or a few days). Experiment 1 examined real-life decisions that students made involving blood donation, exercise, and participation in psychological experiments. The experiment demonstrated that relevant attitudes toward such events predicted behavioral intentions better in the distant future than in the near future. Experiment 2 investigated hypothetical decisions that students made across a large number of value-relevant domains. Similar to Experiment 1, results demonstrated that students' endorsement of the relevant value (e.g. obedience, equality) predicted intentions better in the distant future. Experiment 3 investigated the effects of framing attitudes as either primary or secondary to a particular behavior. This experiment showed that attitudes predict behavioral intentions best in the distant future when they are framed as primary. For attitudes framed as secondary, prediction of intentions was greatest in near-future situations. Finally, Experiment 4 utilized a construal induction technique to show that the effects of temporal distance on attitude-intention correspondence are mediated through differences in mental representation of events as a function of time.
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Date Issued: 2005, 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40411
Subject Headings: Psychology, Social
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The relationship between perceptions of parental bonding and lifetime history of major depressive disorder among Hispanic and Black college students.
Creator: Diaz, Naelys., Fordham University
Abstract/Description: Depression is a common occurrence among college students, with a higher rate of among minority students than white non-Hispanic students. The aims of this study were to examine: (1) the relationship between perceptions of parental bonding and lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD); (2) whether the two- or three-factor model of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), explains NIDD better; and (3) whether these relationships are moderated by dysfunctional attitudes about the self...
Show moreDepression is a common occurrence among college students, with a higher rate of among minority students than white non-Hispanic students. The aims of this study were to examine: (1) the relationship between perceptions of parental bonding and lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD); (2) whether the two- or three-factor model of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), explains NIDD better; and (3) whether these relationships are moderated by dysfunctional attitudes about the self and others or by ethnicity. A nonprobability sample of 175 Hispanic and black undergraduate students was obtained. Measures included: PBI (maternal and paternal versions), Inventory to Diagnose Depression - Lifetime Version, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, gender, ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, and employment status., Lower levels of maternal and paternal care, lower levels of maternal warmth, and higher levels of maternal and paternal overprotection and authoritarianism were associated with MDD in bivariate analyses. Hispanic students with lower levels of maternal care and higher levels of maternal and paternal overprotection and authoritarianism had a greater likelihood of reporting MDD. None of the PBI scales were associated with MDD among black students. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that none of the subscales of the two-factor or three-factor PBI were associated with MDD. Ethnicity moderated the relationship between the paternal care scale of the PBI and MDD, with a greater protective effect seen for black as compared with Hispanic students. Being female, history of emotional abuse and history of physical neglect were associated with greater likelihood of MDD., These findings are consistent with bivariate analyses of previous studies that found an association between the two and three factor models of the PBI and depression. The multivariable analyses revealed that the PBI is not associated with MDD when controlling for confounding. Implications for social work include the need: (1) for practitioners to be knowledgeable about factors related to MDD in order to develop culturally competent treatment plans and use appropriate clinical interventions; and (2) to incorporate this information in the classrooms as future practitioners should make informed decisions in selecting culturally competent clinical treatment as indicated by empirical-based evidence.
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Date Issued: 2005, 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40416
Subject Headings: Social Work
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The legacy of trade: Social networks in Ladakh, India.
Creator: Fewkes, Jacqueline H., University of Pennsylvania
Abstract/Description: Through an ethno-historical and ethnographic study of social networks, this dissertation discusses an early 20th century trade system in Ladakh, India, its interruption by mid 20th century border formation, and the continuing role of the community formed by this network a half century later. The research explores the concept of a social network from the vantage point of its demise, showing how social and economic networks have lasting significance in local communities long after they cease to...
Show moreThrough an ethno-historical and ethnographic study of social networks, this dissertation discusses an early 20th century trade system in Ladakh, India, its interruption by mid 20th century border formation, and the continuing role of the community formed by this network a half century later. The research explores the concept of a social network from the vantage point of its demise, showing how social and economic networks have lasting significance in local communities long after they cease to function. In the course of research, a historical view of regional network interactions revealed a complex web of social arrangements which facilitated trade among ethnic groups. Members of regional trading networks in frontier areas increased their trading capabilities by forming cosmopolitan groups which transcended religious, ethnic, and national identity. The basis of communal identity for these groups was the social interactions associated with trade rather than a particular geographic locale., In the Ladakhi ethnographic context there are many ways to construct an understanding of the trading past, which are discussed as memories of trade. As well as creating narratives of memory, the formation of borders within the Ladakh region and the severance of trading networks created a social legacy. The legacies of trade are the ways in which networks of social relationships were reorganized in response to the severance of regional trade networks. The reorganization, or legacy of trade, is an ongoing process of engaging with the contradictions and possibilities for cosmopolitan social networks within new political and economic arenas. Thus legacies are sites under community negotiation, with contesting visions of the new social networks, which can lead to social conflict., In light of this relationship between the demise of trade networks and social conflict in the region, we can understand conflict in border communities as a product of the struggle between incompatible social contexts: one created by the legacy of trans regional cosmopolitanism, the other by national boundaries.
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Date Issued: 2005, 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40415
Subject Headings: Anthropology, Cultural, History, Asia, Australia and Oceania
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Mythic place and imperial space in Faulkner's cosmos.
Creator: Hagood, Taylor, The University of Mississippi
Abstract/Description: Two fundamental aspects of Faulkner's work that scholars have addressed are his use of myth and constructions of place. What has not been examined are the ways these elements intersect to register dynamics of imperialism. This dissertation therefore interrogates the ways Faulkner constitutes places in his fictional cosmos by creating plots of ground defined by culturally compelling narrative, or myth. These narratives spaces---which might be called mythic places---are imperial in their origin...
Show moreTwo fundamental aspects of Faulkner's work that scholars have addressed are his use of myth and constructions of place. What has not been examined are the ways these elements intersect to register dynamics of imperialism. This dissertation therefore interrogates the ways Faulkner constitutes places in his fictional cosmos by creating plots of ground defined by culturally compelling narrative, or myth. These narratives spaces---which might be called mythic places---are imperial in their origin, as they represent the naming, ordering, delineating, and controlling of space. At the same time, the very linguistic economy of myth that constitutes these places is a heterogeneous medium that facilitates anti-imperial perspectives and narratives. In essence, the imperial impulses that drive the constitution of these mythically-constructed places may be subverted using the very same myths because the language of mythology may be appropriated by the oppressed as well as the oppressor., Faulkner's cosmos---both his created fictional cosmos and the literary, political, cultural, geographical, and historical world in which he lived and wrote---provides particularly fecund ground for investigating the functionalities, intricacies, and complexities of mythic places and the ways they encode both imperial and anti-imperial narratives. Drawing on postcolonial theory and recent rethinkings of space in the United States South, the dissertation identifies multiple shifting and overlapping configurations of cultural centers and peripheries in the Faulknerian cosmos, each of which constitute a mythic place. Analyzing the layers of mythic narrative of which these places are composed, the dissertation observes how various groups and individuals who are empowered in certain configurations transform into unempowered groups and individuals in others and discusses the ways their narratives change accordingly. Examining the intersections of Faulkner's created spaces and the real geographical-historical mythic places from which his fictional places are drawn offers ways of reading the mythic narratives of imperial impulse both in historical and contemporary dynamics of power.
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Date Issued: 2005, 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40423
Subject Headings: American Studies, Literature, American, Sociology, Social Structure and Development
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The subtle knife: Writing programs and technology.
Creator: Barrios, Barclay, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick
Abstract/Description: This dissertation addresses the relationship between pedagogical uses of technology and writing program administration; because it is so centrally concerned with technology, it has been completed in a hybrid format, with online chapters that complement the print chapters. In the first chapter, I argue that the writing program Web site can function as a central pedagogical tool and that the process of imagining the site in this way can help writing program administrators achieve critical...
Show moreThis dissertation addresses the relationship between pedagogical uses of technology and writing program administration; because it is so centrally concerned with technology, it has been completed in a hybrid format, with online chapters that complement the print chapters. In the first chapter, I argue that the writing program Web site can function as a central pedagogical tool and that the process of imagining the site in this way can help writing program administrators achieve critical technological literacy. The online component of Chapter One considers the impact of such a site while arguing for the need for multimodal assessments of program Web sites. In the second chapter, I examine the tensions that can emerge between program administrators and institutional IT specialists, locating strategies that can ease these tensions. The online complement looks at the identity of the technorhetorician within the writing program, suggesting ways to distribute responsibility for technology throughout a program. In Chapter Three I turn to the question of the corporate university. Adopting pedagogical applications of technology, I suggest, can move writing programs and English departments to the center of the new university. To supplement that argument, I offer suggestions on orienting faculty and graduate students to technology in the online version of this chapter. Having established all these programmatic and institutional contexts, I turn in my last chapter back to the classroom, developing several submerged themes of the project to argue for a new kind of queer pedagogy. The online component of Chapter Four provides additional material relevant to my analysis in the print version.
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Date Issued: 2005, 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40418
Subject Headings: Education, Language and Literature, Language, Rhetoric and Composition, Education, Technology
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Nursing graduates' attitudes toward their clinical instructional experience and preparation for practice.
Creator: Hickey, Mary T., Dowling College
Abstract/Description: Health care has changed dramatically over the past decade. The clinical domain of nursing faces multiple patient care settings, advances in technology, changes in personnel and role responsibilities, and a culturally diverse patient population with multiple medical problems. The practice of nursing requires expert theoretical and scientific knowledge, specific psychomotor and technical skills, communication, cultural competence, and professional values., The clinical component in nursing...
Show moreHealth care has changed dramatically over the past decade. The clinical domain of nursing faces multiple patient care settings, advances in technology, changes in personnel and role responsibilities, and a culturally diverse patient population with multiple medical problems. The practice of nursing requires expert theoretical and scientific knowledge, specific psychomotor and technical skills, communication, cultural competence, and professional values., The clinical component in nursing education and nursing practice cannot be overemphasized. The clinical experience provides learning opportunities and aids in the transition to the professional role. The goal of the clinical experience is to prepare students for entry into practice., The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of graduates of one baccalaureate nursing program towards their actual clinical experiences, the importance of those experiences, and their preparation for entry into practice. Furthermore, this stud; sought to explore the attitudes of the different gender, ethnic, and language groups represented. The Clinical Instructional Experience Questionnaire was developed to measure the effectiveness of the clinical instructional experiences of baccalaureate nursing program from the perspective of recent graduates. Additional information was obtained through open-ended questions., Data indicated that there was a significant difference in graduates' attitudes toward what actually happened during their clinical instructional experience and what they considered important. Overall, the mean scores for each of the subscales, on both the actual and importance ratings, were high, indicating a more positive than negative experience. However, the mean scores for the importance ratings were statistically significantly higher than the actual scores, on each of the subscales. Although the majority of the respondents indicated a positive clinical experience, it did not meet their expectations of what they considered to be most important., This research was not able to identify any significant differences in attitudes based on gender, ethnicity, or primary language. It is important to note, that in terms of ethnicity, the Asian participants reported notably higher mean scores and smaller standard deviations on each of the subscales, indicating greater agreement in this group than their American counterparts., The responses to the open-ended questions were consistent with the quantitative data analysis findings. Several respondents noted the need to focus more on actual nursing skills and less on "nursing aide" type of activities during the regular clinical experiences. The opportunities to practice more advanced nursing skills were learned mainly during the preceptorship experience, as was the ability to prioritize care., Findings support further research on the clinical instructional experience, including greater exploration of attitudes of varying ethnic and language groups.
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Date Issued: 2005, 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40417
Subject Headings: Health Sciences, Education, Health Sciences, Nursing
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Meta-expectations: A theory of expectancy effects in social interaction.
Creator: Popp, Danielle., University of Connecticut
Abstract/Description: Social influence is a defining concept in social science: People are who they are because of the influence of others. However, the concept of influence is particularly vague regarding what is meant by "the other." The other has been conceptualized in two ways: the specific interaction partner and the generalized other. A general model of social influence is presented that proposes three expectations that influence behavior simultaneously: self-expectations, generalized other expectations, and...
Show moreSocial influence is a defining concept in social science: People are who they are because of the influence of others. However, the concept of influence is particularly vague regarding what is meant by "the other." The other has been conceptualized in two ways: the specific interaction partner and the generalized other. A general model of social influence is presented that proposes three expectations that influence behavior simultaneously: self-expectations, generalized other expectations, and partner expectations. Meta-expectations ---an individual's perceptions of others' expectations for his or her behavior---mediate the effects of others', both specific and generalized, expectations on behavior. Moreover, meta-expectations influence one another., Four studies are presented that test various parts of the meta-expectation model. Study 1 manipulated both specific and generalized other expectations and communicated them to participants. Analysis of variance reveals that both generalized and specific others' expectations influence behavior. Path analysis suggests that meta-expectations mediate the effect of others' expectations on behavior., Study 2 again manipulates others' expectations but partner expectations were not communicated to participants. Latent variable structural equation modeling suggests generalized other expectations affect behavior and were mediated by generalized other and partner meta-expectations. There was no effect of partner expectations on behavior. However, participants' meta-expectations about their partner's expectations did affect behavior. Studies 1 and 2 suggest accuracy of partner meta-expectations is relatively weak and demonstrate individuals infer specific others' expectations from generalized other meta-expectations., In Study 3, a Social Relations Model analysis demonstrates no accuracy for meta-expectations among well-acquainted groups. Partner meta-expectations correlated with self-expectations suggesting that inaccurate partner meta-expectations may be the result of projection. Additionally, there was evidence for assumed reciprocity., In Study 4, a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance suggests that partner meta-expectations are not unique but indicate two types of others: peers and authority figures. Latent variable confirmatory factor analysis confirms the existence of two factors and suggests individuals base their specific other meta-expectations on roles., The studies presented provide consistent evidence of the influence of both specific and generalized others on behavior and demonstrates that these effects are mediated by individual's perceptions of them or meta-expectations.
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Date Issued: 2005, 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40422
Subject Headings: Psychology, Social
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: La quete dans "Le Cuer d'Amours espris" de Rene d'Anjou comme reecriture du "Roman de la Rose" et de la "Queste del Sang Graal": Quete d'une nouvelle ethique princiere.
Creator: Marancy-Ferrer, Olivia., The Florida State University
Abstract/Description: In the Livre du Cuer d'Amours espris (1457), Rene d'Anjou declares that he was influenced by two major literary works from the Middle-Ages: the Romance of the Rose (1230--1270) and the Quest for the Holy Grail (1225--1230). The Livre du Cuer shares the qualities of profane love from the Romance of the Rose and the qualities of chivalry from the Quest. Our study provides a redefinition of a prince in France in the XVth century through the analysis of the transformation of two of the most...
Show moreIn the Livre du Cuer d'Amours espris (1457), Rene d'Anjou declares that he was influenced by two major literary works from the Middle-Ages: the Romance of the Rose (1230--1270) and the Quest for the Holy Grail (1225--1230). The Livre du Cuer shares the qualities of profane love from the Romance of the Rose and the qualities of chivalry from the Quest. Our study provides a redefinition of a prince in France in the XVth century through the analysis of the transformation of two of the most important literary works of the Middle-Ages., In the Livre du Cuer, King's heart transforms into Cuer, a knight. This figure becomes the representation of the amalgam of both traditions. However, in the Livre du Cuer, Rene transforms numerous motifs from the tradition of medieval allegory. The transformation of the literary tradition and of the character Cuer, representatives of the amalgam of the traditions of the Rose and of the Queste, will be defined by us as "deshabillage litteraire" or "literary undressing." While Cuer slowly abandons his attributes of knighthood and his "armor of love," the text sheds its literary layers of medieval allegory found in the intertexts. The result of this transformation, or "deshabillage litteraire," will be a redefinition of the ideal of a person's worth. Rene d'Anjou uses the Romance of the Rose and the Quest for the Holy Grail to create a new "literary" and "princely" a identity from the transformation of the texts and of their traditions. Rene goes beyond his role of a prince and suggests, through his text, new ideals of a person's worth appropriate to the XVth century. The quest of the Livre du Cuer d'amours espris becomes a "mirror of princes" in which Rene's identity as a complete man---a prince, a "reasonnable" lover, a spiritual man and a poet---will serve as an essemple for the man of his time and particularly for his friend and cousin Jean de Bourbon.
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Date Issued: 2005, 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40420
Subject Headings: Literature, Medieval, Literature, Romance, 0297, 0313
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Controls on arsenic concentrations in ground water from Quaternary and Silurian units in southeastern Wisconsin.
Creator: Root, Tara L., The University of Wisconsin - Madison
Abstract/Description: In southeastern Wisconsin, about 10 percent of wells that draw water from Pleistocene and/or Silurian units have arsenic concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's standard of 10 mugL -1. Arsenic concentrations as high as 100 mugL-1 have been observed in some of these wells. A regional-scale review of ground water chemistry data and local-scale investigations of the geology, hydrogeology, and geochemistry in an arsenic-impacted (Asaq > 10 mugL -1) area near Lake...
Show moreIn southeastern Wisconsin, about 10 percent of wells that draw water from Pleistocene and/or Silurian units have arsenic concentrations greater than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's standard of 10 mugL -1. Arsenic concentrations as high as 100 mugL-1 have been observed in some of these wells. A regional-scale review of ground water chemistry data and local-scale investigations of the geology, hydrogeology, and geochemistry in an arsenic-impacted (Asaq > 10 mugL -1) area near Lake Geneva, Wisconsin were conducted to determine what processes are responsible for arsenic contamination in ground water from Pleistocene and/or Silurian units in southeastern Wisconsin., Analyses of core and cuttings samples showed that, rather than occurring in discrete mineralized zones, solid-phase arsenic occurs in a disperse manner throughout most of the Pleistocene units., Local-scale investigations showed that there are two aquifers in the Pleistocene and Silurian units near Lake Geneva. The upper sand and gravel aquifer is separated from the lower sand and gravel/dolomite aquifer by the Foxhollow till, a clay and silt rich confining unit. Arsenic concentrations are above 10 mugL-1 in ground water from the lower sand and gravel/dolomite aquifer. However, arsenic concentrations are routinely less than 10 mugL-1 in ground water from the upper sand and gravel aquifer., Reducing conditions, low sulfate concentrations, and the presence of solid-phase organic matter in the Foxhollow till indicate that arsenic is released to ground water in the lower sand and gravel/dolomite aquifer via microbially mediated reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing Mn and/or Fe-(hydr)oxides., Solid-phase arsenic concentrations in the Pleistocene sediments correlate with solidphase iron and manganese concentrations, and arsenic was released from core samples during sequential extractions designed to dissolve (hydr)oxides. These results support the hypothesis that solid-phase arsenic is associated with (hydr)oxides., The results of this investigation indicate that natural arsenic contamination is most likely to occur in Pleistocene sand and gravel aquifers that are confined beneath organic rich fine-grained till units. Ground water in Pleistocene sand and gravel aquifers that receive local recharge and have low solid-phase organic matter contents, is more apt to have arsenic concentrations below the EPA standard of 10 mugL-1.*, *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation).
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Date Issued: 2005, 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40421
Subject Headings: Hydrology, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, 0388, 0768, 0996
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: An empirical investigation of nonparametric alternative to Hotelling's T(2) under non-normality.
Creator: Aman, Simon., Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this dissertation was to compare the Type I error and power properties of the Rank Transform Hotelling's T 2 with the parametric Hotelling's T2 in one sample and two sample cases with continuous and ranked data using Monte Carlo techniques. The ranked data violates the normality assumption of the parametric Hotelling's T2., The simulation results demonstrated that the parametric Hotelling's T2 was conservative with respect to Type I error rates for the test of equality of two...
Show moreThe purpose of this dissertation was to compare the Type I error and power properties of the Rank Transform Hotelling's T 2 with the parametric Hotelling's T2 in one sample and two sample cases with continuous and ranked data using Monte Carlo techniques. The ranked data violates the normality assumption of the parametric Hotelling's T2., The simulation results demonstrated that the parametric Hotelling's T2 was conservative with respect to Type I error rates for the test of equality of two population centroids. For example, when n1 = n2 = 50 and a nominal alpha level of 0.05 with correlation coefficient of 0.2, the Type I error rate was 0.0175. However, when the correlation coefficient was large (e.g. 0.7) the Type I error rates for parametric Hotelling's T 2 test results were inflated. Further, Type I error inflations became progressively worse when large correlations were coupled with increased sample sizes. For example, when the correlation coefficient was 0.7 the Type I error were: 0.071 with n1 = n 2 = 10; 0.0854 with n1 = n 2 = 3 0; and 0.1107 with n1 = n 2 = 50 when the distribution was normal. In short, the parametric Hotelling's T2 was robust only for Cauchy and Exponential distributions with correlation coefficient of 0.7 and n1= n2 = 10. For these two cases, the Rank Transform had power advantages over the parametric Hotelling's T2., When the sample sizes for the two-sample case were not equal, the parametric Hotelling's T2 test failed as a test due to severe Type I error inflations. For example, when n 1 = 10, n2 = 30 and correlation coefficient of 0.2 the test was rejecting 100% of the time across all distributions., The Rank Transform Hotelling's T2 demonstrated robust Type I error rates for small sample sizes, but conservative Type I error rates for large sample sizes. For example, for n 1 = n2 = 10, with correlation coefficient of 0.7 and nominal alpha level 0.05 the Type I error rate for Rank Transform T2 was 0.0526, but 0.039 when sample sizes were n1 = n2 = 50. For n1 = n2 = 30 the corresponding Type I error rate was 0.0457., The other purpose of this dissertation was to propose a method for simulating continuous and ranked bivariate data, with a pre-specified correlation. The empirical results of the proposed method demonstrated that the estimates where in close agreement with their associated population parameters. In summary, the absolute errors of r, the sample estimate, were within 10-2.
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Date Issued: 2005, 2005
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40419
Subject Headings: Statistics, 0463
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The cost of one bad apple. The impact of the Allegheny Health, Education and Research Foundation bankruptcy on the United States hospital bond market.
Creator: Bernet, Patrick Michael., Temple University
Abstract/Description: In July 1998, the Allegheny Health and Education Research Foundation (AHERF) declared bankruptcy amid allegations of deliberate falsification of financial statements. AHERF was a large Pennsylvania health network that grew rapidly from 1985 until 1998, largely through the purchase of financially troubled hospitals. At the time, it was the largest not-for-profit healthcare bankruptcy ever in the U.S., leaving unpaid debts of $1.5 billion., U.S. not-for-profit hospitals have historically raised...
Show moreIn July 1998, the Allegheny Health and Education Research Foundation (AHERF) declared bankruptcy amid allegations of deliberate falsification of financial statements. AHERF was a large Pennsylvania health network that grew rapidly from 1985 until 1998, largely through the purchase of financially troubled hospitals. At the time, it was the largest not-for-profit healthcare bankruptcy ever in the U.S., leaving unpaid debts of $1.5 billion., U.S. not-for-profit hospitals have historically raised capital through tax-exempt bonds. Traditionally seen as staid investments, tax-exempt hospital bonds promised low returns but carried little risk. The charitable and religious roots of most hospitals, along with their nonprofit missions, may have placed hospitals above suspicion of deliberate investor deception. The AHERF bankruptcy violated this tradition of trust, creating a confidence shock that affected all not-for-profit hospitals., This dissertation investigates the impact of the AHERF Bankruptcy on the U.S. tax-exempt hospital bond market. First, a theoretical framework is established to legitimize links between bad news and investor reactions. Based on these expectations, tests demonstrate that there were, indeed, significant impacts in three specific areas. First, a study of hospital bond market indices confirms the presence of a confidence shock through restricted credit, lowered ratings and higher insurance premiums. Next, analysis of secondary market trading prices demonstrates that investor reactions were severe and instantaneous, requiring higher yields on bonds that were now perceived as riskier. And finally, a study of new issue interest costs demonstrates that hospitals had to pay higher rates in the wake of the AHERF bankruptcy, that lower-rated bonds were disproportionately impacted, and that the effect lasted at least one year. The third perspective also estimates that the higher yields cost the hospital industry $1.5 billion, effectively doubling the cost of the failure., This dissertation applies existing models of tax-exempt hospital bond interest determinants in a new setting, strengthening finding from prior studies and adding investor confidence as a powerful new factor. Further, it will extend theories of general secondary financial market reactions to that of hospital bonds. And finally, this dissertation will serve as a first step towards placing a value on investor trust.
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Date Issued: 2004, 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40408
Subject Headings: Economics, Finance, Health Sciences, Health Care Management
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: A mistaken link, divergent paths: Globalization, economic insecurity and social spending (1950--1999).
Creator: Kim, So Young., Northwestern University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation assesses a common assumption in the debates on globalization, namely that increasing exposure to the global economy leads to greater economic risk. With this assumption, scholars of international political economy have advanced a counterintuitive argument: globalization bolsters rather than dismantles the welfare state, as higher economic vulnerability generated by globalization leads to greater demand for social insurance. Known as the compensation hypothesis, the argument...
Show moreThis dissertation assesses a common assumption in the debates on globalization, namely that increasing exposure to the global economy leads to greater economic risk. With this assumption, scholars of international political economy have advanced a counterintuitive argument: globalization bolsters rather than dismantles the welfare state, as higher economic vulnerability generated by globalization leads to greater demand for social insurance. Known as the compensation hypothesis, the argument has provided an explanation for the simultaneous growth of international trade and government size in the postwar period, one of the central puzzles in international political economy., Based on the statistical analysis of cross-national economic and individual-level survey data, I demonstrate a significant bifurcation in the effect of international trade on macroeconomic volatility, perceptions of economic insecurity, and government social spending between developed and developing countries. In developed countries, greater economic openness is linked to lower economic volatility and perceptions of less economic insecurity, whereas in developing countries it is linked to higher economic volatility and greater perceived economic insecurity. However, government social spending rises with openness in developed countries but not in developing countries., These findings cast doubt on the compensation hypothesis. The condition that openness increases economic insecurity, a key link of the compensation logic, is met in developing nations where the outcome---compensatory social spending---does not occur, whereas it is not met in developed countries where social spending increases with openness., Consistent with an argument that the constraints of the global economy are more salient in developing nations, my findings demonstrate that the competitive pressure from the global economy to reduce social spending outweighs the demand for social insurance in the developing world. My dissertation study, thus, lends support to the growing concern among international development institutions that openness will not work without complementary political and economic institutions that cushion the risks of greater openness. With regard to advanced industrial nations, the findings expose the under-specified nature of the causal mechanism linking greater openness with higher levels of social insurance expenditures.
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Date Issued: 2004, 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40391
Subject Headings: Political Science, General, Political Science, International Law and Relations
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Civilization, economic change, and trends in interpersonal violence.
Creator: Mares, Dennis Matheus., University of Missouri - Saint Louis
Abstract/Description: This dissertation seeks to describe and explain long-term trends in violence. By combining homicide data from a variety of sources between 1200 and 2000 this dissertation finds that trends in violence in Western societies have declined markedly over the last eight centuries. While some nations display a larger decline than others, the downward trend is visible in all nations for which long-term data are available. Further analysis of the data reveals that the decline in homicide is driven by...
Show moreThis dissertation seeks to describe and explain long-term trends in violence. By combining homicide data from a variety of sources between 1200 and 2000 this dissertation finds that trends in violence in Western societies have declined markedly over the last eight centuries. While some nations display a larger decline than others, the downward trend is visible in all nations for which long-term data are available. Further analysis of the data reveals that the decline in homicide is driven by marked declines of homicide in certain social groups, ultimately leading to a concentration of offending among young lower status males. Whereas a downward pattern qualifies the overall trend, recurrent periods of increasing violence can also be found in the data. Upward trends in homicide are largely driven by increases in offending among young lower status males., Unfortunately, no theoretical perspectives exist to explain both the long-term decline in lethal violence, and the upheavals that occur within that decline. This dissertation argues that a combination of theories be used to explain these historical trends. As a starting point, this dissertation proposes to use Norbert Elias' theory of the civilizing process. Elias (2000[1939]) argues that Western societies have seen a growing aversion against violence over the seven last centuries. This distaste for violence grew out of increasing interdependencies between people, and between people and social institutions. Elias particularly focuses on the centralization of nation states, which fosters the growth of institutions that control violence, but also aids in the development of controls from within individuals (self-control). Elias further argues that at times this civilizing process is interrupted and violence resurfaces. This occurs mostly when the interdependencies between 'established' (high status) and 'outsider' (low status) groups erode (Elias 1996)., While Elias helps further our understanding of trends in violence, he overemphasizes the role of the state to the detriment of economic processes. The focus on processes of state formation makes it difficult to predict exactly when and where violence increases and decreases. This dissertation amends that problem by incorporating elements of world-system theory. World-system theorists (Arrighi 1994) argue that hegemonic cycles have marked the development of state and economy. During these hegemonic cycles, distinct phases can be distinguished in which either state formation, or economic processes are more dominant. It is hypothesized in this dissertation that trends in violence are highly dependent on the specific phases in each hegemonic cycle. In the beginning stage of a hegemonic cycle strong economic growth, resulting in high levels of urban growth and immigration, undermines the effectiveness of the state monopoly of force and levels of violence are expected to rise during this period. During the second phase, economic growth stabilizes allowing state institutions to grow and extend their control over the use of force. The growing affluence of societies promotes the internalization of controls; levels of violence are expected to subside during this period. In the final phase of each hegemonic cycle economic growth is undermined, leading to a process in which state formation is undermined and the interdependencies between 'established' and 'outsider' groups erode. This leads to an increase in levels of violence, particularly among 'outsider' groups.
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Date Issued: 2004, 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40409
Subject Headings: Sociology, Criminology and Penology, Sociology, Social Structure and Development
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The theory of margin as a predictor of success on the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses.
Creator: Sutton, Douglas Hoyt., Florida International University
Abstract/Description: The National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) is the examination that all graduates of nursing education programs must pass to attain the title of registered nurse. Currently the NCLEX-RN passing rate is at an all-time low (81%) for first-time test takers (NCSBN, 2004); amidst a nationwide shortage of registered nurses (Glabman, 2001). Because of the critical need to supply greater numbers of professional nurses, and the potential accreditation ramifications that...
Show moreThe National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) is the examination that all graduates of nursing education programs must pass to attain the title of registered nurse. Currently the NCLEX-RN passing rate is at an all-time low (81%) for first-time test takers (NCSBN, 2004); amidst a nationwide shortage of registered nurses (Glabman, 2001). Because of the critical need to supply greater numbers of professional nurses, and the potential accreditation ramifications that low NCLEX-RN passing rates can have on schools of nursing and graduates, this research study tests the effectiveness of a predictor model. This model is based upon the theoretical framework of McClusky's (1959) theory of margin (ToM), with the hope that students found to be at-risk for NCLEX-RN failure can be identified and remediated prior to taking the actual licensure examination. To date no theory based predictor model has been identified that predicts success on the NCLEX-RN., The model was tested using prerequisite course grades, nursing course grades and scores on standardized examinations for the 2003 associate degree nursing graduates at a urban community college (N = 235). Success was determined through the reporting of pass on the NCLEX-RN examination by the Florida Board of Nursing. Point biserial correlations tested model assumptions regarding variable relationships, while logistic regression was used to test the model's predictive power., Correlations among variables were significant and the model accounted for 66% of variance in graduates' success on the NCLEX-RN with 98% prediction accuracy. Although certain prerequisite course grades and nursing course grades were found to be significant to NCLEX-RN success, the overall model was found to be most predictive at the conclusion of the academic program of study. The inclusion of the RN Assessment Examination, taken during the final semester of course work, was the most significant predictor of NCLEX-RN success. Success on the NCLEX-RN allows graduates to work as registered nurses, reflects positively on a school's academic performance record, and supports the appropriateness of the educational program's goals and objectives. The study's findings support potential other uses of McClusky's theory of margin as a predictor of program outcome in other venues of adult education.
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Date Issued: 2004, 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40414
Subject Headings: Education, Adult and Continuing, Health Sciences, Nursing
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Black biracial crossings: Mixed-race identity in modern American literature and culture.
Creator: Dagbovie-Mullins, Sika A., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Abstract/Description: My project seeks to broaden and reassess how "black" and "white" are defined by investigating how literature, history, and culture inform changing identity politics. My dissertation argues that America's obsession with mixed race, traced through representations, imaginings and theorization of mulattos or black/white mixed race people, intimates a secret longing for less confining racial scripts. Nella Larsen's Quicksand, Michelle Cliff's Abeng, Danzy Senna's Caucasia, James McBride's The...
Show moreMy project seeks to broaden and reassess how "black" and "white" are defined by investigating how literature, history, and culture inform changing identity politics. My dissertation argues that America's obsession with mixed race, traced through representations, imaginings and theorization of mulattos or black/white mixed race people, intimates a secret longing for less confining racial scripts. Nella Larsen's Quicksand, Michelle Cliff's Abeng, Danzy Senna's Caucasia, James McBride's The Color of Water: A Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother, and Rebecca Walker's Black, White and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self along with popular culture figures including Halle Berry, Vin Diesel, Mariah Carey, and Derek Jeter demonstrate how biracial representations redefine both "blackness" and "whiteness" by claiming multiple race identities. I submit that these representations offer an alternative to asserting a biracial subjectivity disengaged from blackness, what I am calling a "b(l)iracial" identity that underscores how racial politics pervade but do not completely dictate racial identification.
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Date Issued: 2004, 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40410
Subject Headings: Black Studies, Literature, Caribbean, Literature, American
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: A career counseling unit for teenage girls.
Creator: Villares, Elizabeth, University of Florida
Abstract/Description: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a theory-based career counseling unit, delivered through small group counseling and designed to promote academically able ninth grade participants' self-esteem, career self-efficacy, and locus of control. Participants included 62 students from four high schools in Alachua County, Florida, who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Three separate analyses of variance were conducted, one for each of the three...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a theory-based career counseling unit, delivered through small group counseling and designed to promote academically able ninth grade participants' self-esteem, career self-efficacy, and locus of control. Participants included 62 students from four high schools in Alachua County, Florida, who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Three separate analyses of variance were conducted, one for each of the three variables self-esteem, career self-efficacy and locus of control, related to the hypotheses. Differences between the experimental and control groups and school setting were examined. All hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance., Pre-posttest analysis results for the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale revealed a significant positive change between treatment groups and schools in self-esteem and career self-efficacy specifically as it relates to nontraditional education and job duty performance. Evidence of a potential role model effect was discussed. This study was a modest contribution to the research on the career development for adolescent females. The findings suggest further research into the potential role model effect school counselors have when working with students in developmental small groups counseling interventions and broadening inclusion criteria to include additional academic performance groups.
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Date Issued: 2004, 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fau/40402
Subject Headings: Education, Guidance and Counseling, Education, Secondary
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: The other mountain: The Mt. Koya temple complex in the Heian era.
Creator: Londo, William Frank., University of Michigan
Abstract/Description: This dissertation presents the first 300 years of the history of the Buddhist monastic complex that sits atop Mt. Koya, a sacred mountain in central Japan. Founded by Kukai, the patriarch of Shingon Buddhism, in 816 CE during the early Heian era (795--1185 CE), it struggled to survive during its first 200 years. Soon after the year 1000 CE, however, some evidence suggests mendicant monks began promoting the newly burgeoning cult of Kobo Daishi (Kukai) and using it to solicit donations from...
Show moreThis dissertation presents the first 300 years of the history of the Buddhist monastic complex that sits atop Mt. Koya, a sacred mountain in central Japan. Founded by Kukai, the patriarch of Shingon Buddhism, in 816 CE during the early Heian era (795--1185 CE), it struggled to survive during its first 200 years. Soon after the year 1000 CE, however, some evidence suggests mendicant monks began promoting the newly burgeoning cult of Kobo Daishi (Kukai) and using it to solicit donations from individuals in the vicinity of the mountain. It soon began to attract the interest and support of the aristocracy in the capital as well, leading to visits by aristocrats to the mountain and contributions of tax exempt lands to the complex. These landholdings assured its continued economic stability and made possible its development into one of Japan's great Buddhist institutions., Traditionally, the formal practice of Shingon Buddhism was carried on only by professional clerics who devoted their lives to practice and study, supported by contributions from the aristocracy who sought protection of the realm and other benefits from the rituals performed by the clergy. Standard histories of premodern Japan therefore typically portray Shingon esoteric Buddhism as having been the exclusive preserve of the aristocracy and generally out of the reach of common people. This study of the Mt, Koya complex, however, demonstrates that previous studies focusing on Shingon institutions and practices have failed to adequately account for other aspects of the tradition that did permit broader participation. These include the rise and spread of cult of Kobo Daishi on the one hand, and later, the participation of members of informal lay confraternities in some of the annual rituals on Mt. Koya, on the other. This study therefore argues that the "popularization" of Buddhism had begun to occur earlier than is usually claimed, that is, well before the Kamakura era (1185--1313), and that it occurred even within Buddhist traditions ordinarily seen as having little to offer laypersons.
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Date Issued: 2004, 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40400
Subject Headings: Religion, History of, Anthropology, Cultural, History, Asia, Australia and Oceania
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: More than an order of words: The pursuit of a moral style in Victorian prose and writing of the First World War.
Creator: Edwards, Hilary., Stanford University
Abstract/Description: This dissertation examines the relationship between ethics and aesthetics in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century British prose. Specifically, I offer a new conceptual history of the attempt to shape literary form and style in response to ethical problems. I argue that the ornate formal experiments of Thomas Carlyle and Walter Pater are most helpfully understood as part of the same conceptual trajectory as the writings of certain First World War soldiers who employ a distinctive...
Show moreThis dissertation examines the relationship between ethics and aesthetics in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century British prose. Specifically, I offer a new conceptual history of the attempt to shape literary form and style in response to ethical problems. I argue that the ornate formal experiments of Thomas Carlyle and Walter Pater are most helpfully understood as part of the same conceptual trajectory as the writings of certain First World War soldiers who employ a distinctive documentary style in their letters, diaries, memoirs and novels. Both the Victorians and the soldiers developed new styles of writing in response to a modern theological crisis marked by the apparent absence of intentional order from the world. An evaluation of these stylistic responses, however, reveals a crucial difference in the weight being put on art in each case: where Carlyle and Pater want art to animate the world with meaning in the way that God once had, thereby undoing the theological crisis, the soldiers accept the moral consequences of the deletion of human agency from their descriptions of the war and use art instead to help them endure that loss. By approaching and re-evaluating the project of the Victorian prose stylists in light of the soldiers' writings, I am able to create a restrained but powerful new claim for the capacity of literary aesthetics to do quite ordinary and yet crucial ethical work in our everyday lives.
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Date Issued: 2004, 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40388
Subject Headings: Literature, Modern, Literature, English
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: A socio-cognitive model of the emergence of entrepreneurial regions and the influence of venture capital availability on regional entrepreneurial outcomes.
Creator: Arikan, Andac Turgut., New York University, Graduate School of Business Administration
Abstract/Description: The first part of this dissertation focuses on the question of how does a region that lacks an entrepreneurial tradition change and become an entrepreneurial center. The demand side perspective---which suggests that regional entrepreneurial outcomes are driven by region specific contextual factors---implies that a major environmental transformation needs to take place for the emergence of large scale entrepreneurial activity. However, formal models that provide an understanding of the process...
Show moreThe first part of this dissertation focuses on the question of how does a region that lacks an entrepreneurial tradition change and become an entrepreneurial center. The demand side perspective---which suggests that regional entrepreneurial outcomes are driven by region specific contextual factors---implies that a major environmental transformation needs to take place for the emergence of large scale entrepreneurial activity. However, formal models that provide an understanding of the process by which such a major environmental transformation takes place are elusive. I develop such a model by integrating ideas from institutional theory, theories of complex systems, learning and cognition as guided by observations from a case study of a region that has recently gone through an entrepreneurial transformation. I present a complex systems view of entrepreneurial regions such that (1) the gathering of a diverse set of heterogeneous actors in an emergent opportunity space, and (2) a continuous disequilibrium state generated by interactions between these actors facilitate the evolution of local entrepreneurial environments. The model describes how early micro actions by pioneering actors drive the macro evolution of entrepreneurial regions through environmental changes they create and amplifying processes of social learning and institutionalization., The second part of the dissertation examines whether the presence of too much venture capital in a region may create negative outcomes for the region. Extant literature suggests that higher availability of venture capital in a region results in better entrepreneurial outcomes. In contrast, my case study highlights a situation in which a large flow of venture capital into a region influences the general quality of entrepreneurship and the effectiveness of financing arrangements in the region negatively. Using simulation methodology, I explore how (1) the amount of venture capital, (2) the quality of entrepreneurship and (3) the effectiveness of financing arrangements influence the entrepreneurial outcomes of a region. Results reveal an inverted U shaped relationship between the availability of venture capital and the quality distribution of businesses in the region.
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Date Issued: 2004, 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40405
Subject Headings: Business Administration, Management, Urban and Regional Planning
Format: Document (PDF)

Title: Unauthorized views: History, allegory and the subjugated body in contemporary Irish film.
Creator: Scarlata, Jessica., New York University
Abstract/Description: My dissertation examines representations of the subjugated and wounded body in Irish visual and literary culture in order to expand the concept of "Occupied Ireland." Working off the nationalist slogan "Ireland unfree will never be at peace," I explore the theme of an un-free and restless Ireland in its standard meaning as a nation still partially under British rule, but also in the sense of an Ireland occupied by patriarchal traditionalism and conservative clericalism. In films from the last...
Show moreMy dissertation examines representations of the subjugated and wounded body in Irish visual and literary culture in order to expand the concept of "Occupied Ireland." Working off the nationalist slogan "Ireland unfree will never be at peace," I explore the theme of an un-free and restless Ireland in its standard meaning as a nation still partially under British rule, but also in the sense of an Ireland occupied by patriarchal traditionalism and conservative clericalism. In films from the last two decades that foreground the subjugated bodies of their male and female protagonists are historiographies of post-partition Ireland that use, subvert and explode traditional visual and cinematic codes. In reading these film, I argue that the coexistence of two states in Ireland, each of which disavows the presence of the other, has shaped cultural conceptions of historical time, religious practice and national identity on both sides of the border. This affects which histories are officially acknowledged in culture and which ones remain illicit glimpses into the mechanics of an oppressive state power., Across four chapters I move from a thematic analysis of partition along national, religious, political and gender lines to a study of fragmentation in a given text as an aesthetic strategy for cracking open official history to an onslaught of occluded voices. Each chapter looks at representations of the body at different politically significant moments in Irish history (the abortion referendum, the protests for political status in the H-Blocks and Armagh Gaol, the Hunger Strike and the wave of economic and cultural transformation that supposedly swept 1960s Ireland). I conclude by placing the subjugated Irish body in the context of cultural bodies from other postcolonial nations, arguing that analyses of individual postcolonial cultures are most productive when used comparatively. An understanding of the dynamics of official lies and unacknowledged histories in Irish culture can contribute to a global perspective on how visual and literary culture speaks to colonial and postcolonial power and can help dissolve the historical boundaries between colonial and postcolonial as well as the geographical distinctions between "western" and "non-western" and the "developing" and the "developed" worlds.
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Date Issued: 2004, 2004
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/40403
Subject Headings: Women's Studies, Cinema
Format: Document (PDF)

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