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The Contribution of Bilingualism to Cognitive Functioning and Biological Markers in the Progression of Normal and Abnormal Aging
Title
The Contribution of Bilingualism to Cognitive Functioning and Biological Markers in the Progression of Normal and Abnormal Aging.
Creator
Torres Solano, Valeria Lucia, Rosselli, Monica, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
Controversy surrounds the idea that bilingualism leads to enhanced executive function (EF) and brain volume changes, potentially leading to delays in cognitive decline and dementia onset. The purpose of this research was to explore these claims in a sample of elderly monolinguals and bilinguals. This study explored gray matter volume (GMV) in 214 monolinguals and bilinguals (Mage = 71.21, SD = 7.53) who were cognitively normal (CN) or diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia...
Show moreControversy surrounds the idea that bilingualism leads to enhanced executive function (EF) and brain volume changes, potentially leading to delays in cognitive decline and dementia onset. The purpose of this research was to explore these claims in a sample of elderly monolinguals and bilinguals. This study explored gray matter volume (GMV) in 214 monolinguals and bilinguals (Mage = 71.21, SD = 7.53) who were cognitively normal (CN) or diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Neuropsychological performance was also examined between CN and MCI monolinguals and bilinguals (N = 153) across two visits. Scores from the Digit Span Backwards, Stroop interference, Trail Making Test A minus Trail Making Test B, and category fluency average scores were used. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain regions associated with memory, language, and EF were selected. Additionally, the study examined how a Bilingualism Index (BI) and the age of acquisition of English could predict GMV and EF in Spanish/English bilinguals whose native language was Spanish. Lastly, the initial age of cognitive decline across language groups was compared. Results suggested higher GMV in language and EF regions in bilinguals, but differences were not found in memory regions. Furthermore, neuropsychological performance over time did not vary across language groups; however, bilinguals exhibited reduced Stroop interference as well as lower scores on Digit Span Backwards and category fluency. The age of acquisition of English did not predict GMV or EF scores, while the BI predicted category fluency, with lower scores associated with a higher degree of balanced bilingualism. Overall, the influence of bilingualism appears to be reflected in increased GMV in specific language and EF regions relative to neuropsychological performance.
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Date Issued
2020
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013497
Subject Headings
Bilingualism, Cognition, Aging, Gray Matter, Neuropsychological Tests, Executive Function
Format
Document (PDF)
neuropsychological effects of cocaine addiction with and without alcohol abuse
Title
The neuropsychological effects of cocaine addiction with and without alcohol abuse.
Creator
Justice, Ananda K., Florida Atlantic University, Rosselli, Monica, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
Previous research has revealed contradicting results when looking at the combined neuropsychological effects of cocaine and alcohol. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cocaine with and without alcohol use on cognitive measures. It was hypothesized that the combined effects of cocaine and alcohol will compile, allowing for greater deficits than from the effects of cocaine alone. Fifty-four cocaine dependent subjects (C) were selected, 29 of them reported concurrent...
Show morePrevious research has revealed contradicting results when looking at the combined neuropsychological effects of cocaine and alcohol. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cocaine with and without alcohol use on cognitive measures. It was hypothesized that the combined effects of cocaine and alcohol will compile, allowing for greater deficits than from the effects of cocaine alone. Fifty-four cocaine dependent subjects (C) were selected, 29 of them reported concurrent cocaine and alcohol dependence (CA). Neuropsychological tests revealed significantly lower scores by the C group compared to the CA group on one measure of executive functioning only. There were significantly lower scores by both C and CA groups compared to norms in areas of memory, attention, psychomotor skills, and executive functioning. The present study supports mild impairment of memory and executive functioning measures in cocaine users but does not support a more detrimental effect from alcohol.
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Date Issued
2003
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13099
Subject Headings
Cocaine abuse--Psychological aspects, Alcoholism--Psychological aspects, Neuropsychological tests
Format
Document (PDF)
Ethnicity, Education, and Linguistic Effects on Verbal Fluency Tasks in American Elders
Title
Ethnicity, Education, and Linguistic Effects on Verbal Fluency Tasks in American Elders.
Creator
Zoller, Yaron Joseph, Rosselli, Monica, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Educational level affects various neuropsychological measures including performance on verbal fluency tasks. It is still unclear how this effect may differ across the different types of fluency tasks (i.e. animals,fruits, vegetables and clothing) and across American ethnic groups (Hispanics, Europeans, Africans, and African Carib beans) using different languages (English and Spanish). Using a sample of 140 normal elder Americans (ages 57 to 88; 38M/ 102F) divided into two education groups (7...
Show moreEducational level affects various neuropsychological measures including performance on verbal fluency tasks. It is still unclear how this effect may differ across the different types of fluency tasks (i.e. animals,fruits, vegetables and clothing) and across American ethnic groups (Hispanics, Europeans, Africans, and African Carib beans) using different languages (English and Spanish). Using a sample of 140 normal elder Americans (ages 57 to 88; 38M/ 102F) divided into two education groups (7-11 and> 12 years of education), results showed strong association with performance for education on the categories fruits and clothing and for ethnicity on the total items generated and number of switches for vegetables. Differences between Spanish and English speakers were found for the fruits category. Results suggest that the animal category is the best one to be used to reduce potential effects of education in individuals with more than 7 years of education.
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Date Issued
2008
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000857
Subject Headings
Educational tests and measurements, Cognition--Social aspects, Cognition--Age factors, Neuropsychology--Cross-cultural studies, Ethnopsychology--Cross-cultural studies
Format
Document (PDF)