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INHIBITORY CONTROL PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF PREADOLESCENT ANXIETY AND RESTING-STATE NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
Title
INHIBITORY CONTROL PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF PREADOLESCENT ANXIETY AND RESTING-STATE NEUROPHYSIOLOGY.
Creator
Shanok, Nathaniel A., Jones, Nancy Aaron, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
The aim of this study was to further examine the relationship between anxiety, inhibitory control (IC), and brain functioning (electroencephalogram) in a critical age-range for social and emotional development (8-12-year-olds). Depression was a secondary focus but was included in the analyses given the common anxiety/depression overlap. Additionally, the participants (N = 42) were assigned to 4 weeks of either an emotional training program (Emotional gFocus), a neutral training program ...
Show moreThe aim of this study was to further examine the relationship between anxiety, inhibitory control (IC), and brain functioning (electroencephalogram) in a critical age-range for social and emotional development (8-12-year-olds). Depression was a secondary focus but was included in the analyses given the common anxiety/depression overlap. Additionally, the participants (N = 42) were assigned to 4 weeks of either an emotional training program (Emotional gFocus), a neutral training program (Neutral gFocus), or a waitlisted control and were tested using cognitive, neurophysiological, and mood measures. Hierarchical regression models revealed that IC accuracy scores were significantly and negatively related to anxiety levels as indicated by the Screening For Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), as well as depression levels (using the Child Depression Inventory (CDI)), controlling for age and gender. Additionally, increased resting-state right lateral frontal alpha asymmetry was predictive of increased anxiety as well as depression levels. To evaluate the intervention effects, a series of Multivariate Analyses of Covariance (MANCOVA) and contrast tests were conducted to determine if group differences existed from pre-to-post for any of the measures of interest. Overall, the emotional and neutral training conditions showed similar reductions in anxiety and depression compared to the waitlist condition. Both the emotional and neutral conditions also facilitated significant improvements in IC accuracy compared to the control. Minimal pre-to-post power and asymmetry changes occurred in frontal and parietal regions; however, a lateral frontal leftward activity shift was found in the emotional training group. These findings further demonstrated a relationship between IC and anxiety and showed preliminary evidence that training IC has the potential to mitigate negative emotional functioning in adolescents. Future research is necessary to determine the importance of emotional training versus neutral as well as whether longer training intervals will be needed to facilitate a long-term impact.
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Date Issued
2020
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013486
Subject Headings
Preadolescents, Preteens, Anxiety, Neurophysiology, Inhibitory control
Format
Document (PDF)
Bereitschaftspotentials and the frequency and phase characteristics of the EEG preceding bimanual finger movements
Title
Bereitschaftspotentials and the frequency and phase characteristics of the EEG preceding bimanual finger movements.
Creator
Wallenstein, Gene Vincent, Florida Atlantic University, Nash, Allan J.
Abstract/Description
A delayed response paradigm was used to investigate the cerebral electroencephalographic (EEG) signal preceding bimanual finger flexions of continuously increasing and decreasing movement rates. The Bereitschaftspotential displayed larger amplitudes at faster required response rates as did two spectral frequency modes, which also showed magnitude reversals depending on the initiating finger. Furthermore, at these specific frequency modes, the averaged relative phase between electrode...
Show moreA delayed response paradigm was used to investigate the cerebral electroencephalographic (EEG) signal preceding bimanual finger flexions of continuously increasing and decreasing movement rates. The Bereitschaftspotential displayed larger amplitudes at faster required response rates as did two spectral frequency modes, which also showed magnitude reversals depending on the initiating finger. Furthermore, at these specific frequency modes, the averaged relative phase between electrode locations C3 and C4, as well as the variance in this measure was found to correspond closely to the variance in inter-response times derived from the subjects' movements. The results suggest the existence of possible signatures on the neurophysiological level which may yield information regarding the efficacy and parametric properties of the impending movement.
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Date Issued
1992
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14847
Subject Headings
Electroencephalography, Arm, Forelimb, Human mechanics, Neurophysiology
Format
Document (PDF)
Effects of Target Neuron Loss on Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Adult Rat
Title
Effects of Target Neuron Loss on Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Adult Rat.
Creator
Sultan, Krista K., Guthrie, Kathleen M., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Unlike most neurons in the adult nervous system, olfactory receptor neurons (ORN), found in the olfactory epithelium (OE), continually turnover in the adult rat. These neurons project their axons to the olfactory bulb which is their central target. The present study eliminated target neurons in the bulb using N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) to examine the effects of target loss on ORN survival and maturation. We compared the effects of the NMDA lesion to bulbectomy, a permanent surgical removal...
Show moreUnlike most neurons in the adult nervous system, olfactory receptor neurons (ORN), found in the olfactory epithelium (OE), continually turnover in the adult rat. These neurons project their axons to the olfactory bulb which is their central target. The present study eliminated target neurons in the bulb using N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) to examine the effects of target loss on ORN survival and maturation. We compared the effects of the NMDA lesion to bulbectomy, a permanent surgical removal of the bulb, which simultaneously causes damage to ORN axons. We found that unlike bulbectomy, large numbers of dying OE cells were not observed at any time after the lesion. The number of immature neurons increased relative to the control side, and the number of mature neurons also slightly increased with time following NMDA lesion. Survival of ORNs does not seem to be significantly altered in the absence of its target.
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Date Issued
2007
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000838
Subject Headings
Rats--Physiology, Neurophysiology, Apoptosis, Regeneration (Biology)
Format
Document (PDF)
A theory for the visual perception of object motion
Title
A theory for the visual perception of object motion.
Creator
Norman, Joseph W., Barenholtz, Elan, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
Abstract/Description
The perception of visual motion is an integral aspect of many organisms' engagement with the world. In this dissertation, a theory for the perception of visual object-motion is developed. Object-motion perception is distinguished from objectless-motion perception both experimentally and theoretically. A continuoustime dynamical neural model is developed in order to generalize the ndings and provide a theoretical framework for continued re nement of a theory for object-motion perception....
Show moreThe perception of visual motion is an integral aspect of many organisms' engagement with the world. In this dissertation, a theory for the perception of visual object-motion is developed. Object-motion perception is distinguished from objectless-motion perception both experimentally and theoretically. A continuoustime dynamical neural model is developed in order to generalize the ndings and provide a theoretical framework for continued re nement of a theory for object-motion perception. Theoretical implications as well as testable predictions of the model are discussed.
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Date Issued
2014
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004221, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004221
Subject Headings
Human information processing, Neurophysiology, Perceptual motor processes, Visual perception
Format
Document (PDF)
Acute and temporal responses of brain–derived neurotrophic factor and Interleukin-6 to high and low repetition resistance training programs
Title
Acute and temporal responses of brain–derived neurotrophic factor and Interleukin-6 to high and low repetition resistance training programs.
Creator
Quiles, Justin M., Zourdos, Michael C., Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this study was to determine if resistance exercise altered peripheral BDNF concentration. Eighteen trained male subjects were split into two groups performing varied repetition ranges. DUP-HR and DUP-LR groups trained 3x/week for 8 weeks, and were equated for total volume (repetitions X sets X intensity). Plasma BDNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured prior to and immediately following the first exercise session of weeks 1, 2, 4 and 6. Pre-exercise levels were also...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine if resistance exercise altered peripheral BDNF concentration. Eighteen trained male subjects were split into two groups performing varied repetition ranges. DUP-HR and DUP-LR groups trained 3x/week for 8 weeks, and were equated for total volume (repetitions X sets X intensity). Plasma BDNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured prior to and immediately following the first exercise session of weeks 1, 2, 4 and 6. Pre-exercise levels were also assessed prior to the second and third sessions of week 1 and 6. Lastly, resting levels were measured before and after training intervention. No group differences (p>0.05) were detected for either biomarker. An acute BDNF elevation (p=0.018) was detected only in the final week of training. IL-6 elevations were detected at all acute measurements (p<0.01). BDNF and IL-6 percentage change correlated significantly (p<0.05) in week-1. No chronic alterations were observed (p>0.05).
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004461, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004461
Subject Headings
Bioenergetics, Cognitive science, Exercise -- Physiological aspects, Kinesiology, Metabolic syndrome -- Pathophysiology, Neurons -- Physiology, Neurophysiology, Neurotrophic functions
Format
Document (PDF)
Global feedback in hierarchical motion pattern formation
Title
Global feedback in hierarchical motion pattern formation.
Creator
Brownlow, Stacey W., Florida Atlantic University, Hock, Howard S., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
Abstract/Description
An array of four motion quartets (stimuli for which either horizontal or vertical motion is perceived depending on quartet aspect ratio) is arranged in a diamond configuration such that two global motion patterns are formed: (1) Rotation---alternating counterclockwise and clockwise motion is perceived, and (2) Parallel path motion---the perceived motions of all the elements are simultaneously horizontal or simultaneously vertical. The perception of rotation resulted in global feedback that...
Show moreAn array of four motion quartets (stimuli for which either horizontal or vertical motion is perceived depending on quartet aspect ratio) is arranged in a diamond configuration such that two global motion patterns are formed: (1) Rotation---alternating counterclockwise and clockwise motion is perceived, and (2) Parallel path motion---the perceived motions of all the elements are simultaneously horizontal or simultaneously vertical. The perception of rotation resulted in global feedback that biases the motion perceived for an individual component motion quartet to be more consistent with rotation than aspect ratio. Stronger rotation produced greater bias. Under certain conditions, the feedback-induced bias occurred even though global rotation was not perceived. The results were interpreted in the context of neurophysiological evidence regarding neurons in Areas MT and MSTd, and a dynamical theory of motion pattern formation (Hock, Schoner & Giese, 2003; Nichols, Hock & Schoner, 2006).
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Date Issued
2006
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13371
Subject Headings
Motion perception (Vision)--Mathematical models, Visual pathways, Neurophysiology, Nonlinear chemical kinetics
Format
Document (PDF)
A body area network as a pre-screening surrogate to the polysomnography
Title
A body area network as a pre-screening surrogate to the polysomnography.
Creator
LaFleur, Sheryl, Mahgoub, Imad, Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract/Description
Out of 60 million Americans suffering from sleep disorder, an estimated 18 million have sleep apnea. According to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, sleep apnea is a chronic condition that disrupts a patient’s sleep. While the annual cost of treating sleep apnea patients in the United States is approximately $3.18 billion (including screening costs) it is estimated that untreated sleep apnea may cause $3.4 billion in additional medical costs. A polysomnography (PSG) is an all...
Show moreOut of 60 million Americans suffering from sleep disorder, an estimated 18 million have sleep apnea. According to the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, sleep apnea is a chronic condition that disrupts a patient’s sleep. While the annual cost of treating sleep apnea patients in the United States is approximately $3.18 billion (including screening costs) it is estimated that untreated sleep apnea may cause $3.4 billion in additional medical costs. A polysomnography (PSG) is an all-night sleep study which monitors various physical functions during sleep including electrical activity of the heart, brain wave patterns, eye movement, muscle tone, body movements, and breathing. It is currently, the most accurate and sophisticated test for the diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), but also, the most expensive. The cost of an overnight sleep study is estimated between $900 and $3,000. In addition, the PSG is not mobile and has to be administered outside a patient’s home. The Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a rhythm disorder that causes erratic (unpredictable) heartbeats. The LQTS has been linked to patients with the most severe form of sleep apnea. If LQTS is left untreated, sudden cardiac death may occur.
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Date Issued
2014
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004300
Subject Headings
Neurophysiology, Nevous system -- Diseases -- Diagnosis, Polysomnography, Sleep -- Physiological aspects, Sleep apnea syndromes -- Diagnosis, Sleep disorders -- Diagnosis
Format
Document (PDF)