Current Search: Medical genetics (x)
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- Title
- Cytogenetic of chromosomal synteny evaluation: bioinformatic applications towards screening of chromosomal aberrations/ genetic disorder.
- Creator
- Sharma, Sandhya, Neelakanta, Perambur S., Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- Abstract/Description
-
The research efforts refer to tracking homologus loci in the chromosomes of a pair of a species. The purpose is to infer the extent of maximum syntenic correlation when an exhaustive set of orthologs of the species are searched. Relevant bioinformatic analyses use comparative mapping of conserved synteny via Oxford grid. In medical diagnostic efforts, deducing such synteny correlation can help screening chromosomal aberration in genetic disorder pathology. Objectively, the present study...
Show moreThe research efforts refer to tracking homologus loci in the chromosomes of a pair of a species. The purpose is to infer the extent of maximum syntenic correlation when an exhaustive set of orthologs of the species are searched. Relevant bioinformatic analyses use comparative mapping of conserved synteny via Oxford grid. In medical diagnostic efforts, deducing such synteny correlation can help screening chromosomal aberration in genetic disorder pathology. Objectively, the present study addresses: (i) Cytogenetic framework of syntenic correlation and, (ii) applying information-theoretics to determine entropy-dictated synteny across an exhaustive set of orthologs of the test pairs of species.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004331, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004331
- Subject Headings
- Cytogenetics, Genetic screening, Human chromosome abnormalities, Medical genetics, Molecular biology, Molecular diagnosis, Molecular genetics, Mutation (Biology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Cytogenic bioinformatics of chromosomal aberrations and genetic disorders: data-mining of relevant biostatistical features.
- Creator
- Karri, Jagadeshwari., College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Cytogenetics is a study on the genetic considerations associated with structural and functional aspects of the cells with reference to chromosomal inclusions. Chromosomes are structures within the cells containing body's information in the form of strings of DNA. When atypical version or structural abnormality in one or more chromosomes prevails, it is defined as chromosomal aberrations (CA) depicting certain genetic pathogeny (known as genetic disorders). The present study assumes the...
Show moreCytogenetics is a study on the genetic considerations associated with structural and functional aspects of the cells with reference to chromosomal inclusions. Chromosomes are structures within the cells containing body's information in the form of strings of DNA. When atypical version or structural abnormality in one or more chromosomes prevails, it is defined as chromosomal aberrations (CA) depicting certain genetic pathogeny (known as genetic disorders). The present study assumes the presence of normal and abnormal chromosomal sets in varying proportions in the cytogenetic complex ; and, stochastical mixture theory is invoked to ascertain the information redundancy as a function of fractional abnormal chromosome population. This bioinformatic measure of redundancy is indicated as a track-parameter towards the progression of genetic disorder, for example, the growth of cancer. Lastly, using the results obtained, conclusions are enumerated, inferences are outlined and directions for future studies are considered.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3358597
- Subject Headings
- Medical genetics, Chromosome abnormalities, Cancer, Genetic aspects, Mutation (Biology), DNA damage
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Cells and cocktails: antioxidants rescue carcinogen induced mitotic defects in both chromosomally stable and unstable cells.
- Creator
- Griffin, Isabel Sloan., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
- Abstract/Description
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Tumor cells are characterized by an increase in genomic instability, brought about by both chromosomal rearrangement and chromosomal instability. Both of these broad changes can be induced by exposure to carcinogens. During mitosis, cells can exhibit early and late lagging chromosomes, multipolar spindles or anaphase bridges, all of which contribute to genomic rearrantement. We have studied the link between exposure to carcinogen and prevalence of mitotic defect in both chromosomally stable...
Show moreTumor cells are characterized by an increase in genomic instability, brought about by both chromosomal rearrangement and chromosomal instability. Both of these broad changes can be induced by exposure to carcinogens. During mitosis, cells can exhibit early and late lagging chromosomes, multipolar spindles or anaphase bridges, all of which contribute to genomic rearrantement. We have studied the link between exposure to carcinogen and prevalence of mitotic defect in both chromosomally stable and unstable cell lines as well as ecamined the restorative effects of antioxidants in preventing mitotic defects. We have exposed MES-SA uterine cancer cells to vinyl chloride followed by exposure to an antioxidant : ascorbic acid, B-carotene, or lycopene. Treated cells were then scored for the prevalence of mitotic defects within the population and compared to controls. We have also investigated whether pre-treatment with the antioxidants will weaken the effects of carcinogen exposure in these cell lines.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3359304
- Subject Headings
- Cellular signal transduction, Cell differentiation, Medical genetics, Cancer, Genetic aspects, Antioxidants, Therapeutic use, Cancer, Chemoprevention, Apoptosis, Molecular aspects, Genetic regulation
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Influence of sex hormones and genetic predisposition in dry eye in Sjèogren's syndrome: a new clue to the immunopathogenesis of dry eye disease.
- Creator
- Mostafa, Safinaz, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences
- Abstract/Description
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Sjèogren's syndrome (S) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by ocular and oral dryness and primarily affects post menopausal women. In the present study we investigated the time course of lymphocytic infiltration, apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and different cytokines levels in the lacrimal glands of both genetically predisposed and control mice to elucidate immunopathological mechanism leading to dry eye. The results of our experiments showed that ovariectomy accelerated...
Show moreSjèogren's syndrome (S) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by ocular and oral dryness and primarily affects post menopausal women. In the present study we investigated the time course of lymphocytic infiltration, apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and different cytokines levels in the lacrimal glands of both genetically predisposed and control mice to elucidate immunopathological mechanism leading to dry eye. The results of our experiments showed that ovariectomy accelerated pathological findings of SS by increasing lympocytic infiltration, cytokine production, lacrimal gland cell death and cleaved caspase-3 activity, and these effects were more pronounced and persistent in the genetically predisposed mouse model of SS. In addition, we observed that lymphocytic infiltration occurred earlier compared to apoptosis which may perpetuate immune mediated destruction of lacrimal epithelial cells. Furthermore, treatment with physioloigical doses of 17-B Estradiol (E2) or DIhydrotestosterone (DHT) prevented all these pathological events observed after ovariectomy.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3353086
- Subject Headings
- Dry eye syndromes, Immunological aspects, Sjèogren's syndrome, Immunological aspects, Disease susceptibility, Human genome, Medical genetics
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Characterization of Cellular Proteins Binding HIV's Rev Responsive Element (RRE).
- Creator
- Dhir, Neetika, Caputi, Massimo, Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
The RRE is a sequence of the HIV genome which is required for the export of the unspliced mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Previous studies show that RRE on the HIV mRNA binds directly to Rev which then interacts with Ran and CRM 1 to form an export complex. Our results indicate that Ran can interact with the RRE in the absence of Rev and CRM 1 but in the presence of other factor(s) present in the nuclear extract. Ran-GEF or RCC 1 seems to be a potential mediating factor. Our results...
Show moreThe RRE is a sequence of the HIV genome which is required for the export of the unspliced mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Previous studies show that RRE on the HIV mRNA binds directly to Rev which then interacts with Ran and CRM 1 to form an export complex. Our results indicate that Ran can interact with the RRE in the absence of Rev and CRM 1 but in the presence of other factor(s) present in the nuclear extract. Ran-GEF or RCC 1 seems to be a potential mediating factor. Our results suggest that Ran binds directly to RCC 1 and that the binding is disrupted by addition of excess nucleotides and magnesimn. Our suggestion is that Ran and RCC 1 are members of an alternate export pathway present in the HIV. Our observation that the binding is nonspecific makes us speculate that this export pathway may be present in other cell types as well.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000742
- Subject Headings
- AIDS (Disease)--Genetic aspects, AIDS (Disease)--Molecular aspects, Medical virology, Immunoinformatics
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Posttranscriptional regulation of tropomyosin expression by myofibril inducing RNA (MIR) during axolotl embryonic heart development.
- Creator
- Jia, Pingping, Florida Atlantic University, Lemanski, Larry F., Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science
- Abstract/Description
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A naturally-occurring recessive lethal mutation in axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum, is an intriguing model for studying tropomyosin expression regulation. Homozygous embryos(c/c) form hearts that are deficient in tropomyosin, lack organized myofibrils and fail to beat. Previous studies have shown that a non-coding RNA gene, MIR (Myofibril Inducing RNA), is sufficient to rescue the non-beating homozygous recessive mutant hearts by promoting sarcomeric tropomyosin expression that leads to...
Show moreA naturally-occurring recessive lethal mutation in axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum, is an intriguing model for studying tropomyosin expression regulation. Homozygous embryos(c/c) form hearts that are deficient in tropomyosin, lack organized myofibrils and fail to beat. Previous studies have shown that a non-coding RNA gene, MIR (Myofibril Inducing RNA), is sufficient to rescue the non-beating homozygous recessive mutant hearts by promoting sarcomeric tropomyosin expression that leads to formation of organized myofibrils and beating hearts. Real time RT-PCR reveals that mutant hearts express the same level mRNA of the alpha-tropomyosin and TM4 type tropomyosin (ATmC-3) gene as normal embryonic hearts. These genes show no differences with regard to the splicing patterns of normal and mutant. Using protease inhibitor LLnL and E-64d treatments and two-dimensional Western blots of normal and mutant hearts, it is found that mutant hearts express all tropomyosin protein isoforms as normal hearts but protein expression are at low levels. These studies suggest that there is a failure in the translational or posttranslational control mechanisms for tropomyosin protein synthesis in cardiac mutant axolotl hearts during development.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13380
- Subject Headings
- Medical genetics, Molecular biology, Cell differentiation, Gene expression, Axolotls--Development, Heart--Growth--Molecular aspects
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Suffering in the midst of technology: the lived experience of an abnormal prenatal ultrasound.
- Creator
- Gottlieb, Jeanne C., Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
- Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand the essence of the lived experience of women after having an abnormal prenatal ultrasound. One hundred years ago, health disciplines had limited therapies for prenatal and neonatal disorders. During this period, the eugenics movement influenced leaders to involuntarily sterilize individuals who were sought to be "unfit" to prevent disorders in offspring. ... One of these contemporary reproductive genetic technologies is...
Show moreThe purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand the essence of the lived experience of women after having an abnormal prenatal ultrasound. One hundred years ago, health disciplines had limited therapies for prenatal and neonatal disorders. During this period, the eugenics movement influenced leaders to involuntarily sterilize individuals who were sought to be "unfit" to prevent disorders in offspring. ... One of these contemporary reproductive genetic technologies is the use of ultrasound and serum bio-medical markers for detection of congenital, chromosome, and genetic disorders. When ultrasounds reveal abnormal findings, the perceived perfect pregnancy vanishes and gives way to feelings of shock, disbelief, fear, guilt, loss, and threats to self and their unborn baby. Twelve women who had an abnormal ultrasound were interviewed within the context of their cultural values and beliefs. The method of van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology illuminated the meaning for these women in their life worlds. ... They endured this experience through their own coping mechanisms, but often felt uncertainty and emotional turmoil until the birth. The women also sought comfort through their cultural values, beliefs, and traditions. In coping with the risks found on this abnormal ultrasound, women often selected silence or blocking perceived threats. With these coping methods, they were alone in their suffering. ... Health providers, in not recognizing these women's misunderstandings and emotional fears, abandoned them in their psychosocial and cultural needs. The significance reveals that nurses and health providers need to infuse human caring ways of being, knowing, and doing within advanced technological environments.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362381
- Subject Headings
- Medical genetics, Medical care, Decision-making, Health services accessibility, Abortion, Moral and ethical aspects, Pregnancy, Complications, Diagnostic ultrasonic imaging, Communication in medicine, Genetic counseling, Genetic disorders, Nursing, Standards
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Molecular pathway identification using microarray technology.
- Creator
- Tress, Matthew David., Florida Atlantic University, Narayanan, Ramaswamy
- Abstract/Description
-
Harnessing the human genome using bioinformatics lead to the discovery of a highly cancer-selective gene, Single Minded 2 gene (SIM2). An isoform of the SIM2 gene, the short-form (SIM2-s), was shown to be specific to colon, pancreas, and prostate tumors. Antisense inhibition of SIM2-s in a colon carcinoma derived cell line (RKO) caused inhibition of gene expression, growth inhibition and apoptosis in vitro and in nude mice tumorigenicity models. To understand the mechanism of Sim2-s antisense...
Show moreHarnessing the human genome using bioinformatics lead to the discovery of a highly cancer-selective gene, Single Minded 2 gene (SIM2). An isoform of the SIM2 gene, the short-form (SIM2-s), was shown to be specific to colon, pancreas, and prostate tumors. Antisense inhibition of SIM2-s in a colon carcinoma derived cell line (RKO) caused inhibition of gene expression, growth inhibition and apoptosis in vitro and in nude mice tumorigenicity models. To understand the mechanism of Sim2-s antisense, the antisense treated RKO colon cancer cells were monitored for genome wide expression using Affymetrix GeneChipRTM technology. A list of apoptosis related genes was generated using GeneSpringRTM software. Select GeneChip RTM output was validated by Quantitative RT-PCR. Relevance of a key gene, Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible (GADD45a), in the SIM2-s pathway was established. These results will provide a basis for the future experiments to understand the mechanism underlying Sim2-s activation in specific tumors.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13146
- Subject Headings
- Medical informatics, DNA microarrays--Diagnostic use, Cancer--Genetic aspects, Apoptosis--Molecular aspects, Human genetics--Variation, Gene expression--Research--Methodology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Bioinformatics mining of the dark matter proteome for cancer targets discovery.
- Creator
- Delgado, Ana Paula, Narayanan, Ramaswamy, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences
- Abstract/Description
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Mining the human genome for therapeutic target(s) discovery promises novel outcome. Over half of the proteins in the human genome however, remain uncharacterized. These proteins offer a potential for new target(s) discovery for diverse diseases. Additional targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy are urgently needed to help move away from the cytotoxic era to a targeted therapy approach. Bioinformatics and proteomics approaches can be used to characterize novel sequences in the genome...
Show moreMining the human genome for therapeutic target(s) discovery promises novel outcome. Over half of the proteins in the human genome however, remain uncharacterized. These proteins offer a potential for new target(s) discovery for diverse diseases. Additional targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy are urgently needed to help move away from the cytotoxic era to a targeted therapy approach. Bioinformatics and proteomics approaches can be used to characterize novel sequences in the genome database to infer putative function. The hypothesis that the amino acid motifs and proteins domains of the uncharacterized proteins can be used as a starting point to predict putative function of these proteins provided the framework for the research discussed in this dissertation.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004361, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004361
- Subject Headings
- Bioinformatics, Cancer -- Genetic aspects, Drug development -- Data processing, Genomics, Medical informatics, Proteomes -- Data processing, Tumors -- Immunological aspects
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- UP-regulation of inflammatory cytokines in the lacrimal glands of a predisposed mouse model of Sjèogren's syndrome (SS): the influence of sex hormones and a newly proposed mechanism for SS.
- Creator
- Czerwinski, Stefanie P.C., Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Science
- Abstract/Description
-
Sjèogren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting mostly the exocrine cells of lacrimal and salivary glands, leading to diminished secretory function and resulting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye disease) and/or stomatitis sicca (dry mouth disease). Despite several decades of studies focusing on autoimmune diseases and dry eye diseases, the exact etiology and mechanisms of SS remain unknown. Besides the fact that SS is often unreported, unrecognized and...
Show moreSjèogren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting mostly the exocrine cells of lacrimal and salivary glands, leading to diminished secretory function and resulting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye disease) and/or stomatitis sicca (dry mouth disease). Despite several decades of studies focusing on autoimmune diseases and dry eye diseases, the exact etiology and mechanisms of SS remain unknown. Besides the fact that SS is often unreported, unrecognized and untreated, today's therapies rely exclusively on treating the symptoms after disease progression; there exists neither prevention therapy nor cure for SS. In addition, SS has been diagnosed predominantly in post-menopausal women with the female to male ratio reaching 9:1, suggesting a role of ovarian sex hormones in the pathogenesis of SS. However, not all postmenopausal women develop SS, indicating the contribution of other factors such as a genetic background to the onset of SS. In the present study, ovariectomized (OVX) NOD.B10.H2b mice provide a model of menopause with a genetic predisposition to SS, as compared to non-predisposed C57BL/10 mice. Both strands of mice were either sham operated, OVX, OVX and treated with 17(Sb (Bestradiol (E2), or OVX and treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Lacrimal glands were collected 3, 7, 21, and 30 days after surgery and processed for RNA analysis by rt-qPCR and protein assays by ELISA to evaluate cytokine expression and concentrations of IL- 1\U+fffd\, TNF-a, IFN-(Sd(B, IL-10, and IL-4 on a timeline. Overall, our results showed a significant increase in IL-1\U+fffd\ TNF-a, IL-10, and IL-4 expression and levels in the lacrimal glands of OVX NOD.B10.H2b mice as compared to sham operated animals, and treatment with E2 or DHT at time of OVX prevented the increase in cytokine expression and levels.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3360770
- Subject Headings
- Cytokines, Mice as laboratory animals, Dry eye syndromes, Immunological aspects, Sjèogren's syndrome, Immunological aspects, Medical genetics, Molecular immunology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The Single Minded 2 Gene (SIM2) and Cancer: Harnessing Micro-Array Data to Facilitate Pathway Discovery and Validation.
- Creator
- Aleman, Mireille J., Narayanan, Ramaswamy, Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
A Down's Syndrome related Single Minded 2 gene (SIM2), previously known to be associated with Trisomy 21 was predicted by bioinformatics to be colon cancer specific. In previous work from the laboratory using a patient tissue repository, an isoform of this gene, short form (SIM2-s) was shown to be colon cancer specific. Inhibition of SIM2-s expression by antisense technology resulted in cancer-cell specific apoptosis within 24 hours. Microarray-based gene expression profiling of the antisense...
Show moreA Down's Syndrome related Single Minded 2 gene (SIM2), previously known to be associated with Trisomy 21 was predicted by bioinformatics to be colon cancer specific. In previous work from the laboratory using a patient tissue repository, an isoform of this gene, short form (SIM2-s) was shown to be colon cancer specific. Inhibition of SIM2-s expression by antisense technology resulted in cancer-cell specific apoptosis within 24 hours. Microarray-based gene expression profiling of the antisense-treated colon cancer cells provided a fingerprint of genes involving key cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage and differentiation genes. Taking hints from the microarray database, experiments were initiated to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying the cancer specific function of the SIM2-s gene. Using an isogenic cell system, apoptosis was found to be dependent on DNA damage and repair gene, GADD45-a. Further, key pathways including p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) and specific caspases were essential for apoptosis. Programmed cell death was not dependant on cell cycle and was preceded by the induction of terminal differentiation. To clarify whether SIM2-s function is a critical determinant of differentiation, stable transfectants of SIM2-s were established in a murine adipocytic cell line (3T3-L 1 ). SIM2-s overexpression caused a pronounced block of differentiation of the pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes. A study of the differentiation pathway in 3T3-L 1 cells suggested that this block occurs early on in the cascade. These results supported the starting premise that SIM2-s is a critical mediator of cell differentiation. To clarify whether the SIM2-s gene has transforming potential, the SIM2-s gene was overexpressed in the NIH3T3 murine fibroblast cell line. The cells expressing the human SIM2-s gene exhibited shorter doubling time, abrogation of growth serum requirement, greater cell number at saturation density and focus formation. In vivo tumorigenicity assays showed tumor formation with long latency. These results provide strong evidence for the role of SIM2-s gene in tumor cell growth and differentiation, and validate drug therapy use for the gene.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000845
- Subject Headings
- Cancer--Genetic aspects, DNA microarrays--Diagnostic use, Apoptosis--Molecular aspects, Medical informatics, Gene expression--Research--Methodology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Rhetorical "Mosaicism" and Intractable Conflict: George W. Bush on Stem Cells.
- Creator
- Brooten, Gary, Marin, Noemi, Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
-
President Bush's 2001 speech on stem cell research showed unusual intermixing of rhetorical bits from past arguments of proponents and opponents, suggesting that such mixing is a distinct rhetorical strategy. Analyses revealed two communities that had engaged each other over reproductive biology issues for decades, developing distinct vocabularies and argumentative patterns in that interaction. The speech mixed fragments ofthese usages. Traditional textual analyses and analyses ofthe mixing...
Show morePresident Bush's 2001 speech on stem cell research showed unusual intermixing of rhetorical bits from past arguments of proponents and opponents, suggesting that such mixing is a distinct rhetorical strategy. Analyses revealed two communities that had engaged each other over reproductive biology issues for decades, developing distinct vocabularies and argumentative patterns in that interaction. The speech mixed fragments ofthese usages. Traditional textual analyses and analyses ofthe mixing itself showed that the mixing seems to reinforce traditional approaches to divided audiences by opening up many possibilities for the communities to draw different meanings from what is said. Analyses of responses to the speech showed such split understandings, and followup analyses to 2007 suggest that the speech helped freeze the character of the debate in the form Bush gave it. Mixing is a viable rhetorical strategy to help manage intractable issues with deeply divided audiences.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000902
- Subject Headings
- Bush, George W.--(George Walker),--1946---Political and social views., Medical genetics--Research--Moral and ethical aspects., Stem cells--Research--Moral and ethical aspects., Rhetorical criticism., Mosaicism., Developmental genetics--Moral and ethical aspects.
- Format
- Document (PDF)