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coordination dynamics of single limb multijoint movement patterns: Spatial bifurcations and hysteresis
Title
The coordination dynamics of single limb multijoint movement patterns: Spatial bifurcations and hysteresis.
Creator
Buchanan, John J., Florida Atlantic University, Kelso, J. A. Scott
Abstract/Description
The aim of this research was to study the coordinative dynamics of multijoint arm movements as a function of forearm spatial orientation. Six subjects rhythmically coordinated flexion and extension of the right elbow and wrist under the following conditions: (1) forearm supine: wrist flexion/elbow flexion and vice versa; and (2) forearm prone: wrist flexion/elbow extension and vice versa. Starting in either pattern, subjects rotated the forearm in eight 20 steps, producing 15 cycles of motion...
Show moreThe aim of this research was to study the coordinative dynamics of multijoint arm movements as a function of forearm spatial orientation. Six subjects rhythmically coordinated flexion and extension of the right elbow and wrist under the following conditions: (1) forearm supine: wrist flexion/elbow flexion and vice versa; and (2) forearm prone: wrist flexion/elbow extension and vice versa. Starting in either pattern, subjects rotated the forearm in eight 20 steps, producing 15 cycles of motion at a frequency of 1.25 Hz. Switching from pattern (1) to pattern (2) and vice versa was observed at a critical spatial orientation. The critical point depended on the direction of forearm rotation, thus revealing the hysteretic nature of the switching. En route to the transition, regardless of direction of change, critical fluctuations and critical slowing down were observed in the relative phasing between the joints. Such results provide definitive evidence that relative phase is a viable order parameter, spatial orientation a relevant control parameter and loss of stability the chief mechanism leading to observed changes in coordination.
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Date Issued
1992
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14806
Subject Headings
Arm, Forelimb, Human mechanics, Kinesiology
Format
Document (PDF)
Flexible modification of biological coordination: The recruitment and suppression of degrees of freedom
Title
Flexible modification of biological coordination: The recruitment and suppression of degrees of freedom.
Creator
Buchanan, John J., Florida Atlantic University, Kelso, J. A. Scott
Abstract/Description
The dynamics of recruitment and suppression processes are studied in the coupled pendulum paradigm developed by Kugler and Turvey (1987). Experimentally, the main concern is whether pendulum motion in this task is purely planar. Theoretically, the main concern is whether one-dimensional phase equations developed originally by Haken, Kelso and Bunz (1985) and the symmetry breaking extension by Kelso, Delcolle and Schoner (1990), can capture the richness of the dynamics of this experimental...
Show moreThe dynamics of recruitment and suppression processes are studied in the coupled pendulum paradigm developed by Kugler and Turvey (1987). Experimentally, the main concern is whether pendulum motion in this task is purely planar. Theoretically, the main concern is whether one-dimensional phase equations developed originally by Haken, Kelso and Bunz (1985) and the symmetry breaking extension by Kelso, Delcolle and Schoner (1990), can capture the richness of the dynamics of this experimental model system. In experiment 1, subjects swung single hand-held pendulums in time with an auditory metronome whose frequency increased. Bifurcations from planar to spherical pendulum motion occurred at critical cycling frequencies. Typically, these frequencies were above the pendulum's eigenfrequency. Spectral measures showed that spherical pendulum motion was generated through the recruitment of wrist abduction and adduction. The spectral measures revealed that elbow flexion and extension was recruited as movement rate increased, presumably to stabilize pendulum motion. When recruited, both components frequency- and phase-entrained with the primary pendulum mover, wrist ulnar flexion-extension. In experiment 2, subjects swung coupled pendulums in either an in-phase or anti-phase coordinative mode as movement rate increased. Transitions between coordinative modes were not observed. Pattern stability, as defined by the variability of the phase relation between the pendulums, was not affected to any large degree by increasing movement rate. Bifurcations from planar to spherical motion emerged at critical cycling frequencies. Spectral measures demonstrated that this motion was generated by abduction and adduction of the wrist. Elbow flexion-extension motion was also recruited. The newly active components frequency- and phase-entrained with wrist ulnar flexion-extension. When the same neuromuscular components were recruited simultaneously, e.g., elbow motion in both arms, the components exhibited frequency- and phase-entrainment with the task defined pattern. The results demonstrate that recruitment processes stabilize the coordinative modes, thereby reducing the need to switch patterns. Both experiments revealed a much richer dynamics than ever observed in the coupled pendulum paradigm and question the application of one-dimensional phase equation models to the coupled pendulum paradigm.
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Date Issued
1996
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12439
Subject Headings
Kinesiology, Human mechanics, Movement, Psychology of, Motor learning
Format
Document (PDF)
Acute and temporal responses of brain–derived neurotrophic factor and Interleukin-6 to high and low repetition resistance training programs
Title
Acute and temporal responses of brain–derived neurotrophic factor and Interleukin-6 to high and low repetition resistance training programs.
Creator
Quiles, Justin M., Zourdos, Michael C., Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this study was to determine if resistance exercise altered peripheral BDNF concentration. Eighteen trained male subjects were split into two groups performing varied repetition ranges. DUP-HR and DUP-LR groups trained 3x/week for 8 weeks, and were equated for total volume (repetitions X sets X intensity). Plasma BDNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured prior to and immediately following the first exercise session of weeks 1, 2, 4 and 6. Pre-exercise levels were also...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine if resistance exercise altered peripheral BDNF concentration. Eighteen trained male subjects were split into two groups performing varied repetition ranges. DUP-HR and DUP-LR groups trained 3x/week for 8 weeks, and were equated for total volume (repetitions X sets X intensity). Plasma BDNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured prior to and immediately following the first exercise session of weeks 1, 2, 4 and 6. Pre-exercise levels were also assessed prior to the second and third sessions of week 1 and 6. Lastly, resting levels were measured before and after training intervention. No group differences (p>0.05) were detected for either biomarker. An acute BDNF elevation (p=0.018) was detected only in the final week of training. IL-6 elevations were detected at all acute measurements (p<0.01). BDNF and IL-6 percentage change correlated significantly (p<0.05) in week-1. No chronic alterations were observed (p>0.05).
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004461, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004461
Subject Headings
Bioenergetics, Cognitive science, Exercise -- Physiological aspects, Kinesiology, Metabolic syndrome -- Pathophysiology, Neurons -- Physiology, Neurophysiology, Neurotrophic functions
Format
Document (PDF)
The effects of high and low repetition daily undulating periodization models with equated volume on strength and hypertrophy in trained males
Title
The effects of high and low repetition daily undulating periodization models with equated volume on strength and hypertrophy in trained males.
Creator
Klemp, Alex, Zourdos, Michael C., Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion
Abstract/Description
Periodized training programs seem to augment muscle performance (i.e., hypertrophy, strength and muscle endurance), however, optimal repetition ranges to achieve these adaptations are unclear. Thus, the purpose was to compare high and low repetition daily undulating periodization (DUP) models, with equal volume on performance. Eleven trained, college-aged males were counterbalanced into high (DUPHR) or low (DUP-LR) repetition groups. Subjects performed the squat and bench press 3X/wk. for...
Show morePeriodized training programs seem to augment muscle performance (i.e., hypertrophy, strength and muscle endurance), however, optimal repetition ranges to achieve these adaptations are unclear. Thus, the purpose was to compare high and low repetition daily undulating periodization (DUP) models, with equal volume on performance. Eleven trained, college-aged males were counterbalanced into high (DUPHR) or low (DUP-LR) repetition groups. Subjects performed the squat and bench press 3X/wk. for 8wks. Outcome measures included one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, squat, and total strength (TS=squat+bench press), and muscle thickness (MT). 1RM strength increased with no difference between groups. Both groups increased total chest and total body MT (p<0.05); but only DUP-HR increased thigh MT (p<0.05). Effect sizes showed meaningful differences in strength favoring DUP-LR for bench press-1.48 and TS-0.89. Our findings indicate with equal volume, there may be meaningful differences in strength that are repetition-dependent, and varying responses to MT across different muscle groups.
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Date Issued
2014
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004210, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004210
Subject Headings
Kinesiology, Muscle strength, Personal trainers -- Vocational guidance, Physical education and training, Physical fitness -- Physiological aspects
Format
Document (PDF)
The influence of time-equated training programs on muscle hypertrophy, strength, and body composition
Title
The influence of time-equated training programs on muscle hypertrophy, strength, and body composition.
Creator
Dolan, Chad, Zourdos, Michael C., Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this study was to determine if barbell circuit training (RTC) as a model for concurrent training is superior to high intensity interval (CTHI) or moderate intensity continuous (CTMI) cycling for changes in muscular strength, hypertrophy, and body composition. Eleven trained males were recruited and counterbalanced into three groups. Each program featured three alternating days of resistance training per week, with one of the above time-equated (30-minute) concurrent training...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine if barbell circuit training (RTC) as a model for concurrent training is superior to high intensity interval (CTHI) or moderate intensity continuous (CTMI) cycling for changes in muscular strength, hypertrophy, and body composition. Eleven trained males were recruited and counterbalanced into three groups. Each program featured three alternating days of resistance training per week, with one of the above time-equated (30-minute) concurrent training modalities between sessions. All groups increased muscular strength (p<0.05, RTC=7.48%, CTHI=10.32%, CTMI=15.74%) with no group differences (p>0.05). Increases in upper body muscle hypertrophy were similar in RTC and CTMI (p<0.01, RTC=20.18%, CTMI=20.97%), increases in lower body muscle hypertrophy only occurred in CTMI (VM: p=0.01, 38.59%, VLP: p=0.07, 13.33%), while no hypertrophy changes were detected in CTHI (p>0.05), no group experienced changes in body composition (p>0.05). These findings suggest similar muscle performance benefits from barbell circuit or cycling concurrent training.
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004440, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004440
Subject Headings
Exercise -- Physiological aspects, Kinesiology, Muscle strength, Personal trainers, Physical education and training, Physical fitness -- Nutritional aspects
Format
Document (PDF)