Current Search: Identity Philosophical concept (x)
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- Title
- Daily Feedback of Self-Concept Clarity and Grit.
- Creator
- Wong, Alexander E., Vallacher, Robin R., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
-
Self-concept clarity and grit are important constructs in the self-concept and selfregulation domains. Though distinct in their focus on identity and goal processes, self-concept clarity and grit similarly emphasize the extent to which self-views and goal-perseverance are strong, clear, consistent, and unshakeable. We hypothesized self-knowledge and goalperseverance may be mutually reinforcing given the role of self-knowledge in directing goal pursuit, and of goal pursuit in structuring the...
Show moreSelf-concept clarity and grit are important constructs in the self-concept and selfregulation domains. Though distinct in their focus on identity and goal processes, self-concept clarity and grit similarly emphasize the extent to which self-views and goal-perseverance are strong, clear, consistent, and unshakeable. We hypothesized self-knowledge and goalperseverance may be mutually reinforcing given the role of self-knowledge in directing goal pursuit, and of goal pursuit in structuring the self-concept. The present study tested this hypothesis in the form of whether self-concept clarity and grit reciprocally influence one other across time, and was conducted using a daily diary design with 97 college-aged participants across several weeks. Data were analyzed using multilevel cross-lagged panel modeling. Results indicated daily self-concept clarity and grit both had positive influences on each other across time, while controlling for their previous values. The reciprocal influences were also symmetric: self-concept clarity and grit had equally strong influences on each other. The results of the present study are the first to indicate the existence of reinforcing feedback loops between self-concept clarity and grit, and to demonstrate that fluctuations in self-knowledge trigger fluctuations in goal resolve, and vice versa. The results suggest the two are, in part, both causes and consequences of one another.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004689
- Subject Headings
- Identity (Philosophical concept), Identity (Psychology), Self actualization (Psychology), Self management (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Only the Body Remembers.
- Creator
- Geraci, Jeanette, Bucak, Ayse Papatya, Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of English
- Abstract/Description
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Only The Body Remembers is a collection of poems, lyric essays, and short stories that explore several subjects, including love (both romantic and familial), loss, grief, sexuality, identity, and obsession. The primary thematic thread that binds this collection together is somatic memory -- the way the body records experiences, and the strong emotional charge these recorded experiences carry.
- Date Issued
- 2017
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004838
- Subject Headings
- Symbolism in literature., Identity (Philosophical concept), Identity (Psychology), Self (Philosophy), Mind and body.
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The development of anonymous giving in relation to ownership understanding, theory of mind, empathy, and differences in relatedness.
- Creator
- Machluf, Karin, Bjorklund, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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Prosocial behavior can be defined as any behavior that an individual engages in to benefit another (Eisenberg, Fabes, & Spinrad, 2006). Prosociality is not one homogenous trait, however, but is made up of three specific types of behavior: helping, cooperating, and sharing (or, more accurately, donating) (Tomasello, 2009). Although helping and cooperating are important to understanding prosocial development, giving behaviors might be particularly informative when trying to understand...
Show moreProsocial behavior can be defined as any behavior that an individual engages in to benefit another (Eisenberg, Fabes, & Spinrad, 2006). Prosociality is not one homogenous trait, however, but is made up of three specific types of behavior: helping, cooperating, and sharing (or, more accurately, donating) (Tomasello, 2009). Although helping and cooperating are important to understanding prosocial development, giving behaviors might be particularly informative when trying to understand prosociality in young children as it poses a distinct problem for younger children (Tomasello, 1998). Research on proximate causes of prosocial behavior state that these behaviors are influenced by emotions of empathy (Batson, 1991), theory of mind, or understanding of social norms of ownership (Blake & Rand, 2010). Research on more ultimate causes of prosociality suggest that these behaviors evolved due to mechanisms or kin selection (Hamilton, 1964) and inclusive fitness (Trivers, 1971), and is evident by the effect of social category and relatedness on donations in resource- allocation games (Gummerum et al., 2009). Research with children using resource- allocations games, such as the dictator game, are sparse, but typically find that children donate more as they get older, and that out-group receive fewer allocations than in-group members (Moore, 2009). This research also highlight the importance of anonymity and its effect on prosociality. When tested using an anonymous design, children donate less and some children don’t donate at all (Benenson et al., 2007). Using an anonymous dictator game, children’s giving behaviors were examined across in- group, out-group, and family members. Thirty-five children (12 3-year-olds (7 male), 13 4-year-olds (8 male), and 10 5-year-olds (7 male) completed the experiment. Each child participated in each condition, as well as measures of theory of mind and ownership understanding. Children’s empathy scores were attained from a parent questionnaire regarding children’s empathic behaviors. Results revealed that some children did not donate any stickers at all; seven in total, and that these children differed significantly from those that gave on measures of empathy. Of those that donated, 3-year-old children donated significantly more than 5-year-old children (F(1,3) =3.64, p < .05). This is contrary to previous findings which find that giving increases across age., The was no main effect for Recipient, and no significant interaction between Age and Recipient. Five-year-olds scored significantly higher on measures of ownership understanding (F(2, 25) = 4.36, p< .05), suggesting that understanding of social norms of ownership may be partially responsible for their decrease in overall giving.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004213
- Subject Headings
- Altruism, Analysis (Philosophy), Ego (Psychology), Helping behavior, Identity (Philosophical concept), Motivation (Psychology), Social psychology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The Effects of Competition on Empathy and Prosociality.
- Creator
- Gilad, Corinne, Maniaci, Michael, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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The current research investigated the effects of competition on empathy and prosociality in two studies. Study 1 aimed to explore associations between competition and prosociality by asking participants to play a computer puzzle game that was either high or low on competitiveness, and then to complete measures of empathy, perspective taking, compassionate love and willingness to sacrifice for a romantic partner. Study 1 found a marginally significant difference across conditions for...
Show moreThe current research investigated the effects of competition on empathy and prosociality in two studies. Study 1 aimed to explore associations between competition and prosociality by asking participants to play a computer puzzle game that was either high or low on competitiveness, and then to complete measures of empathy, perspective taking, compassionate love and willingness to sacrifice for a romantic partner. Study 1 found a marginally significant difference across conditions for perspective taking, a marginally significant gender interaction for perspective taking, and a significant gender by condition interaction for compassionate love, in support of hypotheses that competition reduces prosocial responses in men. Study 2 addressed methodological limitations from Study 1 and examined the effect across a broader range of relationship contexts, including close friends. Results for Study 2 did not replicate the marginally significant effect for perspective taking seen in Study 1, but found a significant interaction between gender and condition predicting perspective taking. Significant findings in line with prior research emerged for dominance and commitment, indicating that higher dominance and lower commitment were associated with less empathy and prosociality. Overall, results do not consistently support the hypothesized effect of competitive situations on prosocial and empathic behavior, although results of exploratory analyses suggest potential moderated or conditional effects.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004822, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004822
- Subject Headings
- Competition--Psychological aspects., Empathy., Social values., Identity (Philosophical concept), Motivation (Psychology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- How interpersonal coordination changes the self: Theory, experiment, and adaptive HKB model of social memory.
- Creator
- Nordham, Craig A, Kelso, J. A. Scott, Tognoli, Emmanuelle, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
- Abstract/Description
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How one behaves after interacting with a friend may not be the same as before the interaction began What factors a ect the formation of social interactions between people and, once formed, how do social interactions leave lasting changes on individual behavior? In this dissertation, a thorough review and conceptual synthesis is provided Major features of coordination dynamics are demonstrated with examples from both the intrapersonal and interpersonal coordination literature that are...
Show moreHow one behaves after interacting with a friend may not be the same as before the interaction began What factors a ect the formation of social interactions between people and, once formed, how do social interactions leave lasting changes on individual behavior? In this dissertation, a thorough review and conceptual synthesis is provided Major features of coordination dynamics are demonstrated with examples from both the intrapersonal and interpersonal coordination literature that are interpreted via a conceptual scheme, the causal loops of coordination dynamics An empirical, behavioral study of interpersonal coordination was conducted to determine which spontaneous patterns of coordination formed and whether a remnant of the interaction ensued ("social memory") To assess social memory in dyads, the behavior preceding and following episodes of interaction was compared In the experiment, pairs of people sat facing one another and made continuous flexion-extension finger movements while a window acted as a shutter to control whether partners saw each other's movements Thus, vision ("social contact") allowed spontaneous information exchange between partners through observation Each trial consisted of three successive intervals lasting twenty seconds: without social contact ("me and you"), with social contact ("us"), and again without ("me and you") During social contact, a variety of patterns was observed ranging from phase coupling to transient or absent collective behavior Individuals also entered and exited social coordination differently In support of social memory, compared to before social contact, after contact ended participants tended to remain near each other's movement frequency Furthermore, the greater the stability of coupling, the more similar the partners' post-interactional frequencies were Proposing that the persistence of behavior in the absence of information exchange was the result of prior frequency adaptation, a mathematical model of human movement was implemented with Haken-Kelso-Bunz oscillators that reproduced the experimental findings, even individual dyadic patterns Parametric manipulations revealed multiple routes to persistence of behavior via the interplay of adaptation and other HKB model parameters The experimental results, the model, and their interpretation form the basis of a proposal for future research and possible therapeutic applications
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004793
- Subject Headings
- Ergodic theory, Dynamics, Conversation analysis--Social aspects, Social interaction, Social acceptance, Identity (Philosophical concept), Motivation (Psychology), Applied mathematics, Statistical physics
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The behavioral, emotional, and attentional effects of human baby schema.
- Creator
- Machluf, Karin, Bjorklund, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
- Abstract/Description
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Children exhibit neotenous, or physically immature, features, such as a large rounded head relative to body size, adult-sized eyes, round cheeks, a small chin, and a short narrow nose. Bowlby (1969) and others (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989; Hrdy, 2005) propose that, in species whose young depend on care from an adult, these features could enhance offspring survival. Lorenz (1943) argued that adult humans are particularly attracted to these features, and that these characteristics, which he termed...
Show moreChildren exhibit neotenous, or physically immature, features, such as a large rounded head relative to body size, adult-sized eyes, round cheeks, a small chin, and a short narrow nose. Bowlby (1969) and others (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989; Hrdy, 2005) propose that, in species whose young depend on care from an adult, these features could enhance offspring survival. Lorenz (1943) argued that adult humans are particularly attracted to these features, and that these characteristics, which he termed Kindchenschema or “baby schema,” trigger a cognitive system that processes and reacts specifically to infantile features for the purpose of enhancing motivation to engage in caretaking behaviors. The goal of the studies proposed here is to examine the behavioral, attentional, and emotional effects of baby schema.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004452, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004452
- Subject Headings
- Ego (Psychology), Emotions in infants, Empathy, Evolutionary psychology, Genetic psychology, Human behavior, Identity (Philosophical concept), Moral development, Parent and child
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Toxic Island et L’Empreinte à Crusoé : l’individuation de l’identité franco-antillaise.
- Creator
- Jurawan, Kimberley, Gosser Esquilin, Mary Ann, Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Languages, Linguistics and Comparative Literature
- Abstract/Description
-
Within the Caribbean, the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique are unusual: they are French overseas departments and thus also European Union members. As such, they must assimilate to French national culture even though their heterogeneous populations, mainly descendants of exploited imported labour, have their own unique island identity. Their heavy economic dependence on France and the effects of modernization and globalization pose further identitarian challenges for them. Franco-Antillean...
Show moreWithin the Caribbean, the islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique are unusual: they are French overseas departments and thus also European Union members. As such, they must assimilate to French national culture even though their heterogeneous populations, mainly descendants of exploited imported labour, have their own unique island identity. Their heavy economic dependence on France and the effects of modernization and globalization pose further identitarian challenges for them. Franco-Antillean literature clearly reflects this long-standing identity confusion. This thesis explores two very recent novels— Toxic Island by Guadeloupean Ernest Pépin and L’Empreinte à Crusoé by Martinican Patrick Chamoiseau— and their divergent stylistic treatments of individuation. Both are inspired by Édouard Glissant’s theories of Relation and Tout- Monde; both engage questions of language, orality, the island space, race, the subject of alterity and the role of the arts and artists in identity formation. Yet both are also marked by distinctly unique forms of ambivalence.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004447, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004447
- Subject Headings
- Caribbean literature (French) -- Criticism and interpretation, Chamoiseau, Patrick -- L'Empreinte à Crusoé -- Criticism and interpretation, Group identity, Identity (Philosophical concept), Individuation (Psychology) -- Social aspects, Jungian psychology, Pépin, Ernest -- Toxic island -- Criticism and interpretation, West Indies, French -- In literature
- Format
- Document (PDF)