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- Title
- Relative prefrontal cortex surface area in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens and its implications for cognitive evolution.
- Creator
- George, Ian D., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
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The human prefrontal cortex (PFC) is associated with complex cognitive behaviors such as planning for the future, memory for serial order, social information processing and language. Understanding how the PFC has changed through time is central to the study of human neural evolution. Here we investigate the expansion of the PFC by measuring relative surface area of the PFC in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens. Magnetic resonance images (MRI's) from 8 preserved chimpanzee brains (3 male and 5...
Show moreThe human prefrontal cortex (PFC) is associated with complex cognitive behaviors such as planning for the future, memory for serial order, social information processing and language. Understanding how the PFC has changed through time is central to the study of human neural evolution. Here we investigate the expansion of the PFC by measuring relative surface area of the PFC in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens. Magnetic resonance images (MRI's) from 8 preserved chimpanzee brains (3 male and 5 female adults) were segmented and measured. The results of this study indicate that there are gross anatomical differences between the chimpanzee and human prefrontal cortex beyond absolute size. The lower surface area to volume ratio in PFC of the chimpanzee when compared to a human indicates less gyral white matter in this region and thus, less associative connectivity. This anatomical evidence of a difference corresponds with the lesser cognitive complexity observed in chimpanzees.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/221945
- Subject Headings
- Frontal lobes, Physiology, Brain, Evolution, Cognitive neuroscience, Psychophysiology, Vertebrates, Evolution, Evolution (Biology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Do Fiddler Crab Larvae Show Phenotypic Plasticity?.
- Creator
- Christopher, Catherine E., Salmon, Michael, Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
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Larval release by adult fiddler crabs occurs during the ebbing tides, but its timing relative to the day-night and tidal amplitude cycles depends upon tidal form (e.g., shows phenotypical plasticity). Crabs (Uca thayeri) from Florida's East Coast are exposed to semidiurnal tides and release their larvae at night, whereas crabs from Florida's West Coast exposed to mixed tides release their larvae during the afternoon. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the larvae could hatch at...
Show moreLarval release by adult fiddler crabs occurs during the ebbing tides, but its timing relative to the day-night and tidal amplitude cycles depends upon tidal form (e.g., shows phenotypical plasticity). Crabs (Uca thayeri) from Florida's East Coast are exposed to semidiurnal tides and release their larvae at night, whereas crabs from Florida's West Coast exposed to mixed tides release their larvae during the afternoon. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the larvae could hatch at times other than those correlated with the tidal form at their location. Clusters of eggs at similar stages of development, 24-72 h in advance of release, were reciprocally transferred between females from each coast. Release ofboth the transferred larvae and maternal clutch occurred synchronously, and at the time dictated by the female's tidal regime. These results suggest that larvae are phenotypically plastic with respect to hatching time and can either delay (West coast) or advance (East coast) their response to release signals from females.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000733
- Subject Headings
- Cell differentiation, Adaptation (Biology), Evolution (Biology), Phenotypic plasticity
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Reproductive biology, systematics, and evolution in the polychaete family alciopidae.
- Creator
- Rice, Stanley A., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute
- Date Issued
- 1987
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/3321222
- Subject Headings
- Polychaeta, Polychaeta--Evolution, Reproductive biology, Polychaeta--Classification
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- A Phylogeny of Mexican Ambystoma Salamanders (Caudata: Ambystomatidae) from Larval Characters.
- Creator
- Cole, Lauren A., Wyneken, Jeanette, Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
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A phylogeny of Mexican Ambystoma salamanders was constructed using larval morphology. Characters were scored for 19 ambystomatid species from Mexico and North America Twenty-five continuous characters came from external measurements of cranial and branchial features and ratios of measurements. Twenty-six categorical characters were scored from internal and external larval, branchial, and cranial features, as well as overall color and adult life history. Cladograms constructed from individual...
Show moreA phylogeny of Mexican Ambystoma salamanders was constructed using larval morphology. Characters were scored for 19 ambystomatid species from Mexico and North America Twenty-five continuous characters came from external measurements of cranial and branchial features and ratios of measurements. Twenty-six categorical characters were scored from internal and external larval, branchial, and cranial features, as well as overall color and adult life history. Cladograms constructed from individual character matrices lack major resolution beyond individual species level. The consensus cladogram did not resolve the majority of species, and was similar to consensus results from previous cladistic analysis based on molecular characters. Convergent morphology is evident in characters of geographically distant members of the clade. However, species determination was possible for all examined taxa. Neoteny is widespread in the A. tigrinum complex and, as an isolating mechanism, may be the main driver of speciation in the complex.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000734
- Subject Headings
- Salamanders--Reproduction, Salamanders--Classification, Cladistic analysis--Mathematics, Evolutionary genetics--Mathematics, Evolution (Biology)
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Diversification for the hard clam aquaculture industry through investigation of the blood ark, Anadara ovalis, and ponderous ark, Noetia ponderosa, reproduction and development.
- Creator
- Nissman, Larry D., Florida Atlantic University, Baldwin, John D.
- Abstract/Description
-
The hard clam aquaculture industry has largely been limited to the cultivation of the species Mercenaria mercenaria. Two Florida native species of clam, Noetia ponderosa and Anadara ovalis, commonly known as "Ark clams" are being studied for their viability as potential aquaculture species. Early development of the blood ark, Anadara ovalis (Bruguiere, 1789), and the ponderous ark, Noetia ponderosa (Say, 1822) was analyzed with an emphasis on the processes of meiotic maturation and early...
Show moreThe hard clam aquaculture industry has largely been limited to the cultivation of the species Mercenaria mercenaria. Two Florida native species of clam, Noetia ponderosa and Anadara ovalis, commonly known as "Ark clams" are being studied for their viability as potential aquaculture species. Early development of the blood ark, Anadara ovalis (Bruguiere, 1789), and the ponderous ark, Noetia ponderosa (Say, 1822) was analyzed with an emphasis on the processes of meiotic maturation and early embryogenesis through gastrulation, using light and fluorescence microscopy. Both A. ovalis and N. ponderosa oocytes were released at the metaphase I stage of meiosis and shared similar schedules of early development through initial veliger stage. Differences in the timing of development between species were negligible. In addition, the behavior and developmental timeline of the ark clams was very similar to that of Mercenaria mercenaria , which also reaches the D-shaped veliger stage in less than 24 hours.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13194
- Subject Headings
- Evolution (Biology), Shellfish culture--Florida, Meiosis, Clams--Florida--Reproduction
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- A Conservation Genetic Study of Cercopithecus mitis in the Lomami Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Creator
- Leroy, Ailissa, Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
- Abstract/Description
-
The Cercopithecus mitis radiation has significant phenotypic and ecological diversity, making it a great candidate for evolutionary genetic studies. This study represents the first genetic survey of C. mitis from well provenanced wild populations, including C. mitis heymansi from the TL2 landscape, an area of remote tropical forest between the Tshuapa, Lomami, and Lualaba rivers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tissue samples were collected from 7 male blue monkeys, DNA was extracted...
Show moreThe Cercopithecus mitis radiation has significant phenotypic and ecological diversity, making it a great candidate for evolutionary genetic studies. This study represents the first genetic survey of C. mitis from well provenanced wild populations, including C. mitis heymansi from the TL2 landscape, an area of remote tropical forest between the Tshuapa, Lomami, and Lualaba rivers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tissue samples were collected from 7 male blue monkeys, DNA was extracted and surveyed at 919 bp of the Testis-Specific Protein Y-chromosome (TSPY), and added to a larger dataset including other C. mitis and C. albogularis specimens. Evolutionary analyses suggests TL2 C. mitis shared recent genetic contact with C. albogularis at the headwaters of the Congo River than with conspecifics to the northeast, indicating the Congo River is a significant biogeographic barrier to C. mitis and sheds new light on their genetic heritage, taxonomic assignment, and conservation status.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004608, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004608
- Subject Headings
- Congo (Democratic Republic), Lomami National Park--Congo (Democratic Republic), Cercopithecus mitis--Congo (Democratic Republic)--Lomami National Park--Ecology., Cercopithecidae--Congo (Democratic Republic)--Lomami National Park--Evolution., Mammals--Congo (Democratic Republic)--Lomami National Park--Identification., Conservation biology--Congo (Democratic Republic)--Lomami National Park.
- Format
- Document (PDF)