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GENDER DISPARITIES IN JUDICIAL PROCESSING
Title
GENDER DISPARITIES IN JUDICIAL PROCESSING.
Creator
CURRAN, DEBRA ANN, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
The judicial treatment of adult male and female criminal offenders is theoretically and empirically examined in this paper. After discussing various problems with the chivalry hypothesis and labelling theory, the two major explanations of gender disparities, an empirical test is made to determine the accuracy of both perspectives. Examining a sample of 543 adult felony cases in Dade County, Florida, using multiple regression to control for the effects of relevant legal and non-legal variables...
Show moreThe judicial treatment of adult male and female criminal offenders is theoretically and empirically examined in this paper. After discussing various problems with the chivalry hypothesis and labelling theory, the two major explanations of gender disparities, an empirical test is made to determine the accuracy of both perspectives. Examining a sample of 543 adult felony cases in Dade County, Florida, using multiple regression to control for the effects of relevant legal and non-legal variables indicated inconsistent differences in treatment by sex at the levels of negotiations, prosecution, conviction and sentence. These differences also vary over the three time periods examined: 1965-1966, 1971, 1975-1976. Because the findings do not support any existing theory of the differential legal handling of male and female offenders, a new, integrated theory is formulated and set forth.
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Date Issued
1979
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14001
Subject Headings
Criminal statistics, Criminal justice, Administration of
Format
Document (PDF)
Comparing regulatory and distributive police programs for crime reduction: An evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency
Title
Comparing regulatory and distributive police programs for crime reduction: An evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency.
Creator
Carroll, John J., Florida Atlantic University, Ben-Zadok, Efraim
Abstract/Description
Lowi's "arenas of power" theory, one of the most basic policy typologies, was the theoretical foundation for this study. Most public policies can be classified as either regulatory or distributive. Regulatory policy addresses the enforcement power of government. Distributive policy is about providing benefits to selected members of society, financed as a public good. The intention of this study is to comparatively analyze two different police programs. The study stepped back from criminal...
Show moreLowi's "arenas of power" theory, one of the most basic policy typologies, was the theoretical foundation for this study. Most public policies can be classified as either regulatory or distributive. Regulatory policy addresses the enforcement power of government. Distributive policy is about providing benefits to selected members of society, financed as a public good. The intention of this study is to comparatively analyze two different police programs. The study stepped back from criminal justice literature to public policy theory, to consider other ways to assess police strategies to reduce crime. Theory was linked to the practice of policing by examining regulatory policy in relation to crime control and distributive policy to crime prevention. The Truancy Reduction Program was selected as an example of regulatory policy/crime control, and the School Resource Officer Program as distributive policy/crime prevention. This is an exploratory analysis, using a quantitative case study methodology. The Broward Sheriff's Office (Fort Lauderdale, Florida) was selected as the case study. The data were drawn from six consecutive school years (1995--2001) of actual documents. The intent was to explore, not establish a causal relationship between the programs and crime reduction, because other major external factors existed beyond the scope of this analysis. The "universal" concepts of effectiveness and efficiency were adapted to create a multi-criteria evaluation of the program outcomes. The central research question essentially asked if one program (and therefore, policy) was more effective and/or efficient than the other. In this study, effectiveness refers to the relationship between program goals and outcomes, while efficiency refers to the relationship between costs and outcomes. To examine effectiveness, the fixed effects pooled time series technique for panel data was employed. To examine efficiency, an efficiency ratio was created to compare program costs against the costs of crime. A relationship was established between each program, crime reduction, and effectiveness and efficiency. The final phase was comparative, employing a multivariate analysis of variance, to determine if one policy was more effective and efficient. The results were inconclusive. The study makes recommendations for future research, discusses implications of the analyses for public administration, and concluding comments.
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Date Issued
2003
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT12025
Subject Headings
Crime prevention, Criminal justice, Administration of, Distributive justice, Community policing
Format
Document (PDF)
Restorative justice and organizational change: The process of transformation
Title
Restorative justice and organizational change: The process of transformation.
Creator
McLeod, Colleen E., Florida Atlantic University, Bazemore, Gordon
Abstract/Description
Restorative justice has come to the forefront of criminal justice discourse with growing interest and support. Despite increasing research and theory in the past decade, a missing link in the research has been a lack of focus on the role of criminal justice organizations in the implementation process. The purpose of this paper is to examine the capacity of organizational literature to inform criminal justice system organizational transformation so that it is consistent with the values,...
Show moreRestorative justice has come to the forefront of criminal justice discourse with growing interest and support. Despite increasing research and theory in the past decade, a missing link in the research has been a lack of focus on the role of criminal justice organizations in the implementation process. The purpose of this paper is to examine the capacity of organizational literature to inform criminal justice system organizational transformation so that it is consistent with the values, principles and practices associated with restorative justice. The literature review involves an overview of the restorative justice framework, a general presentation of organizational theory, and finally, an articulation of three main categories of organizational literature: bureaucratic, post-bureaucratic, and what is referred to in this thesis as contemporary. This literature analysis contributes to the development of a model for an organization that is consistent with restorative justice and the proposed transition from a bureaucratic organization to a restorative organization. Finally, both evaluative and policy implications for the research findings and proposed model are considered.
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Date Issued
2002
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13001
Subject Headings
Restorative justice, Criminal justice, Administration of, Organizational change
Format
Document (PDF)
exploratory study of victim participation in the justice systems of Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad/Tobago
Title
An exploratory study of victim participation in the justice systems of Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad/Tobago.
Creator
Eastep, Mary Ann., Florida Atlantic University, Leip, Leslie A.
Abstract/Description
This study examines the nature and extent of victim participation in the criminal justice systems in the three Caribbean nations of Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. Through visits to the three island nations, observations were made; interviews were conducted with justice practitioners, including police officers, prosecutors, defense attorneys and victim advocates; conversations were held with citizens and several crime victims; observations of court proceedings were conducted; and...
Show moreThis study examines the nature and extent of victim participation in the criminal justice systems in the three Caribbean nations of Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. Through visits to the three island nations, observations were made; interviews were conducted with justice practitioners, including police officers, prosecutors, defense attorneys and victim advocates; conversations were held with citizens and several crime victims; observations of court proceedings were conducted; and documents were studied. Victim participation was considered in the context of the culture and within the theoretical framework of institutionalism and organized anarchies. Institutions were seen as both constraining forces with respect to victim participation and emerging entities as regards victim participation. Justice practitioners' perceptions of participation often matched and often varied from actual systems of participation that exist. In addition, there were instances wherein practitioners who had considerable contact with victims (police officers, prosecutors) had very little knowledge about victims' rights and/or the status of victim policy. Victims of crime in Jamaica have more services available to them than do victims in the other two nations, as there is a government network of victim service agencies in place there. Participation in the actual trial process is similar in each of the nations studied.
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Date Issued
2003
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12034
Subject Headings
Criminal justice, Administration of--Barbados, Criminal justice, Administration of--Jamaica, Criminal justice, Administration of--Trinidad and Tobago, Victims of crimes--Caribbean Area
Format
Document (PDF)
Integration disconnect in police agencies: the effects of agency factors on the production andconsumption of crime analysis
Title
Integration disconnect in police agencies: the effects of agency factors on the production andconsumption of crime analysis.
Creator
Seigel, Jamie L., Santos, Rachel, Florida Atlantic University, College for Design and Social Inquiry, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Abstract/Description
Poorly integrated crime analysis may be a detriment to crime reduction efforts and financial resources. The purpose of this research is to identify deficiencies and successes in crime analysis integration and to understand which agency factors are related. Using the Stratified Model of Problem Solving, Analysis, and Accountability and data from a national PERF survey of police agencies, this study quantifies the levels of production and consumption-based integration disconnect as well as...
Show morePoorly integrated crime analysis may be a detriment to crime reduction efforts and financial resources. The purpose of this research is to identify deficiencies and successes in crime analysis integration and to understand which agency factors are related. Using the Stratified Model of Problem Solving, Analysis, and Accountability and data from a national PERF survey of police agencies, this study quantifies the levels of production and consumption-based integration disconnect as well as other important agency factors. To determine which agency factors contribute most to integration disconnect, bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses are used to examine the relationships, while controlling for agency type, centralization, officers per analyst, crimes per officer, and agency size. Findings indicate that production- and consumption-based disconnect are positively related to one another and that passive patrol-analyst interactions, an agency’s analysis integration disconnect.
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Date Issued
2014
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004329, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004329
Subject Headings
Crime analysis, Crime forecasting, Criminal justice, Administration of, Criminal statistics -- Mathematical models, Organizational effectiveness, Police administration
Format
Document (PDF)
Testing the theory of dominant institutionalized policy narratives using Florida’s “stand your ground” discourse
Title
Testing the theory of dominant institutionalized policy narratives using Florida’s “stand your ground” discourse.
Creator
Gillespie, Amanda, Miller, Hugh T., Florida Atlantic University, College of Design and Social Inquiry, School of Public Administration
Abstract/Description
Narratives are a very important part of public policy negotiations and deliberations. Public policy research has shown that policy narratives are manipulated to fit the motives of the creators and enforcers of that narrative (Stone, 2002). The creators and enforcers of these narratives use symbols, language, and other techniques to ensure that the narrative survives and dominates the political and social environment by becoming the favored policy prescription (Stone, 2002; Miller, 2012; Jones...
Show moreNarratives are a very important part of public policy negotiations and deliberations. Public policy research has shown that policy narratives are manipulated to fit the motives of the creators and enforcers of that narrative (Stone, 2002). The creators and enforcers of these narratives use symbols, language, and other techniques to ensure that the narrative survives and dominates the political and social environment by becoming the favored policy prescription (Stone, 2002; Miller, 2012; Jones & McBeth, 2010; Schneider & Ingram, 1993). This study employs a qualitative content analysis to trace the genealogy of the following narratives that make up the “Stand Your Ground” discourse from 2005-2013: (1) Prosecutorial Discretion Narrative, (2) Vigilante Justice Narrative, (3) Race Narrative, and (4) Law-abiding Citizen Narrative. The “Stand Your Ground” discourse is used to test what this dissertation terms the “institutionalized policy narrative” thesis which states, Policymakers and policy advocates use policy narratives which consist of powerful symbols, politically motivated language, and ideographs to both shape and respond to public opinions by appealing to both the heart and intellect of the public. Once a winning narrative becomes institutionalized it is nearly impossible to replace that winning narrative even in the wake of a powerful new emerging narrative.
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Date Issued
2014
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004113
Subject Headings
Self-defense (Law) -- Florida., Discrimination in criminal justice administration -- Florida., Criminal justice, Administration of -- Government policy -- Florida.
Format
Document (PDF)
Old enough to kill ; too young to die?
Title
Old enough to kill ; too young to die?: evaluating public opinion of the juvenile death penalty.
Creator
Chase, Kristen., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description
In 2005, the United States Supreme Court found the execution of juvenile offenders to be unconstitutional, based in part on a "national consensus" against the death penalty for juveniles. The purpose of this project was to demonstrate the flaws in existing methods of measuring public opinion and to determine the correlation between the age of an offender and the sentencing recommendation received. It was the hypothesis of my project that there would not be a statistically significant...
Show moreIn 2005, the United States Supreme Court found the execution of juvenile offenders to be unconstitutional, based in part on a "national consensus" against the death penalty for juveniles. The purpose of this project was to demonstrate the flaws in existing methods of measuring public opinion and to determine the correlation between the age of an offender and the sentencing recommendation received. It was the hypothesis of my project that there would not be a statistically significant correlation between the offender's age and sentencing recommendation. To test this hypothesis, I asked 156 Florida Atlantic University students. This method of analysis was considered the best way to accurately determine public sentiment towards the juvenile death penalty, after a thorough review of existing methods revealed significant flaws. My results suggest that there is no correlation between the age of an offender and sentencing recommendations.
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Date Issued
2009
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/209986
Subject Headings
Criminal justice, Administration of, Juvenile justice, Administration of, Capital punishment, Punishment (Philosophy), Sentences (Criminal procedure)
Format
Document (PDF)
Caught red-handed, but not guilty
Title
Caught red-handed, but not guilty: the entrapment defense and culpability.
Creator
Mockler, Katherine L., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description
There is a debate among scholars regarding how courts should judge defendants caught in government decoy and sting operations. As a retributivist, I believe we should only punish those who are culpable. Following this assumption, I argue that courts should punish entrapped people if they are culpable and that the subjective test, which holds that a defendant is culpable if he was predisposed to commit the crime, should be the standard by which courts judge defendants who claim entrapment. The...
Show moreThere is a debate among scholars regarding how courts should judge defendants caught in government decoy and sting operations. As a retributivist, I believe we should only punish those who are culpable. Following this assumption, I argue that courts should punish entrapped people if they are culpable and that the subjective test, which holds that a defendant is culpable if he was predisposed to commit the crime, should be the standard by which courts judge defendants who claim entrapment. The objective test, which focuses on the propriety of the government conduct, fails to accurately assess culpability because, under this test, the guilt of the defendant depends largely on what the average person would have done under the same circumstances. I also propose that if government conduct reached the level of outrageous, defendants found to be predisposed may claim that the government violated their right to due process.
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Date Issued
2009
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/209995
Subject Headings
Undercover operations, Government investigations, Criminal justice, Administration of, Entrapment (Criminal law)
Format
Document (PDF)
Gendered images of expertise, leadership and virture
Title
Gendered images of expertise, leadership and virture: applying Stivers' theoretical framework to police practices as represented in publications from 1979 to 2009.
Creator
Larson, Robin Lynn., College of Design and Social Inquiry, School of Public Administration
Abstract/Description
In this dissertation, a theoretical framework is developed from Camilla Stivers' (2002) argument that images of expertise, leadership and virtue are used to defend public administration's legitimacy in the face of criticisms about the inefficiencies of government and the power wielded by bureaucrats. Stivers argues that these legitimizing and traditional images have historical and cultural roots in ideas associated with masculinity, and that this harms women in the public sector. The realm of...
Show moreIn this dissertation, a theoretical framework is developed from Camilla Stivers' (2002) argument that images of expertise, leadership and virtue are used to defend public administration's legitimacy in the face of criticisms about the inefficiencies of government and the power wielded by bureaucrats. Stivers argues that these legitimizing and traditional images have historical and cultural roots in ideas associated with masculinity, and that this harms women in the public sector. The realm of policing faced similar criticisms and defended its legitimacy by altering practices, the day-to-day actions of police practitioners. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the possibility that police practitioners have defended their legitimacy on the same basis as public administrators have done by offering images of expertise, leadership and virtue, which Stivers (2002) claims are deeply gendered. Using Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA), imagery is qualitatively examined using using Stivers' (2002) descriptions of characteristics, qualitiers, values and actions that she associates with images of expertise, leadership and virtue... Masculine images of virtue portray the police as dedicated and committed professionals who protect the citizenry through laudable programs and initiatives. Masculine images of leadership are less prevalent, but consistently portray the police as controlling and direction-setting visionaries. Alternative imagery patterns include leadership images more aligned with femininity, such as collaboration and cooperation. Throughout the thirty-one years, these patterns of images are observed, despite differences in practices associated with the three paradigms of policing.
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Date Issued
2012
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3355628
Subject Headings
Leadership, Municipal government, Public administration, Progressivism (United States politics), Police administration, Criminal justice, Administration of
Format
Document (PDF)
Relationships among crime analysis, accountability, and innovative policing strategies: results from a national survey
Title
Relationships among crime analysis, accountability, and innovative policing strategies: results from a national survey.
Creator
Smith, Justin James, Santos, Rachel, Florida Atlantic University, College for Design and Social Inquiry, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Abstract/Description
Over the years, innovations such as community-oriented policing, problem-oriented policing, and hot spots policing have enabled the police to make substantial crime control and reduction gains. However, empirical research has shown that police occasionally misuse these strategies in practice. One possible solution is the co-implementation of these strategies with crime analysis. Yet, little is known about this relationship in practice. Using national survey data collected by the Police...
Show moreOver the years, innovations such as community-oriented policing, problem-oriented policing, and hot spots policing have enabled the police to make substantial crime control and reduction gains. However, empirical research has shown that police occasionally misuse these strategies in practice. One possible solution is the co-implementation of these strategies with crime analysis. Yet, little is known about this relationship in practice. Using national survey data collected by the Police Executive Research Forum in 2008 from a sample of over 1,000 United States police agencies this thesis explores this relationship. Results of bivariate analysis between agency commitment to and integration of crime analysis within operations and the use of innovative strategies revealed positive relationships. Additionally, bivariate analysis between agency use of accountability mechanisms and innovative strategies revealed a strong positive relationship. Multivariate regression analysis revealed the use of accountability mechanisms and commitment to crime analysis as strong positive predictors of police agency innovation.
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Date Issued
2014
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004332, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004332
Subject Headings
Crime analysis -- Data processing, Crime prevention, Criminal investigation -- Technological innovations, Criminal justice, Administration of, Law enforcement, Police -- Effect of technological innovations on, Police administration -- Technological innovations
Format
Document (PDF)
Representative bureaucracy: Active representation in a juvenile justice context
Title
Representative bureaucracy: Active representation in a juvenile justice context.
Creator
Day, Susan Elaine, Florida Atlantic University, Washington, Charles W.
Abstract/Description
Representative bureaucracy is one way to reconcile the need for administrative efficiency with the normative requirements of democracy. In theory, a representative bureaucracy is an organizational structure that permits decision-makers to act more quickly and more flexibly than an elected body. A representative bureaucracy is comprised of an employee composition that is more representation of the general public, at least in demographic terms, than legislative bodies. This research tests a...
Show moreRepresentative bureaucracy is one way to reconcile the need for administrative efficiency with the normative requirements of democracy. In theory, a representative bureaucracy is an organizational structure that permits decision-makers to act more quickly and more flexibly than an elected body. A representative bureaucracy is comprised of an employee composition that is more representation of the general public, at least in demographic terms, than legislative bodies. This research tests a number of hypotheses concerning the impact of individual attributes of delinquency case managers and of the organizational context in which they work on their intake recommendations to the office of the state attorney.
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Date Issued
1996
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12455
Subject Headings
Representative government and representation--United States, Bureaucracy, Juvenile justice, Administration of--United States, Minorities--Employment--United States, Discrimination in criminal justice administration--United States
Format
Document (PDF)
Jury decision-making
Title
Jury decision-making: a study of the influence of sentencing information on jurors.
Creator
Hackett, Steven., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description
This thesis is a study of the empirical significance of sentencing information on jury decision-making. A challenge in conducting jury behavior research is that direct observation of jury deliberation is either illegal or impractical. Thus most studies of jury behavior are conducted using archival analysis and mock jury questionnaires. And while we have some information on the issue of jury instruction complexity on jury decision-making, we know very little about the specific role of...
Show moreThis thesis is a study of the empirical significance of sentencing information on jury decision-making. A challenge in conducting jury behavior research is that direct observation of jury deliberation is either illegal or impractical. Thus most studies of jury behavior are conducted using archival analysis and mock jury questionnaires. And while we have some information on the issue of jury instruction complexity on jury decision-making, we know very little about the specific role of sentencing information on jury decision-making. My research combines aspects of the jury decision-making literature with the sentencing literature, and thus fills a crucial gap in the literature. While we know much about jury decision-making and much about the process of sentencing--this research directly tested whether these two phenomena are related. Mock trials of 100 participants were used to collect the data for this thesis study. The results provide clear evidence that there is a significant effect on jury decision-making when the jurors are provided with sentencing information.
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Date Issued
2008
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/209991
Subject Headings
Sentences (Criminal procedure), Justice, Administration of, Decision making, Judicial discretion, Verdicts, Psychological aspects
Format
Document (PDF)
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions and the Colombian Justice and Peace Law and Victims
Title
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions and the Colombian Justice and Peace Law and Victims.
Creator
Yera, Evelio Jesus, Morton, Jeffrey S., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Political Science
Abstract/Description
This dissertation answers the question of what the proper balance is for victims with respect to the formation of a truth or truth and reconciliation commission that is formed to address the aftermath of an authoritarian regime or armed conflict. A review of the historical operation of entities that have operated in the aftermath of authoritarian regimes and armed conflict is conducted in this dissertation. From the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials to the present day, nations have struggled to try...
Show moreThis dissertation answers the question of what the proper balance is for victims with respect to the formation of a truth or truth and reconciliation commission that is formed to address the aftermath of an authoritarian regime or armed conflict. A review of the historical operation of entities that have operated in the aftermath of authoritarian regimes and armed conflict is conducted in this dissertation. From the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials to the present day, nations have struggled to try to devise a systematic way to deal with the aftermath of harm caused to victims as a consequence of authoritarian regimes and armed conflict. An examination of the various past truth and reconciliation commissions, the International Criminal Court, and various treaties is here juxtaposed with the Colombian Justice and Peace program implemented a decade ago to bring about peace and reconciliation in Colombia. This dissertation concludes that an entity formed with the purpose of achieving the proper balance for victims of an authoritarian regime or armed conflict, must have a truth-telling component that works in tandem with a specialized court conceived with the objective of operating alongside the commission. Thus, while there is a punitive aspect, the focus is more on the relationship between the events, solutions, and relief provided for victims. An entity with such a focus has various components, including truth-telling and some form of sanction or punishment, but always with the betterment of the past, present, and future victims as well as the subject society or country as its priority. In that vein, a set of proposed flexible guidelines are presented as the culmination of this dissertation. The flexible guidelines proposed here set forth a balanced system between the commission and the court that will provide for both punishment and reconciliation for particular countries and the victims.
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Date Issued
2015
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004558, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004558
Subject Headings
International Criminal Court., Colombia--Politics and government--1974-, Criminal procedure (International law), Political violence--Colombia--History--21st century., Justice, Administration of--Colombia--History--21st century., Transitional justice., Reconciliation., Nation-building--Colombia.
Format
Document (PDF)
Gender Disparity: A view of Florida’s Correction System
Title
Gender Disparity: A view of Florida’s Correction System.
Creator
Kutikoff, Adam, Hauser, William, Florida Atlantic University, College for Design and Social Inquiry, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Abstract/Description
Disparity in sentence length has long been a topic of discussion (Spohn, 2009). Though most research is aimed at disparity due to race, few studies utilize sex as a focal point (Crow & Kunselman, 2009; Embry & Lyons, 2012; Gavin, 2014; Hartley, Kwak, Park & Min-Sik Lee, 2011; Hasset-Walker, Lateano, Di Benedetto, 2014; Messing, 2008; Steffensmeier, Ulmer & Kramer, 1998). The focus of this study is to examine the effect of sex on sentence length, controlling for characteristics derived from...
Show moreDisparity in sentence length has long been a topic of discussion (Spohn, 2009). Though most research is aimed at disparity due to race, few studies utilize sex as a focal point (Crow & Kunselman, 2009; Embry & Lyons, 2012; Gavin, 2014; Hartley, Kwak, Park & Min-Sik Lee, 2011; Hasset-Walker, Lateano, Di Benedetto, 2014; Messing, 2008; Steffensmeier, Ulmer & Kramer, 1998). The focus of this study is to examine the effect of sex on sentence length, controlling for characteristics derived from the evil woman hypothesis, chivalry hypothesis, and focal concerns theory, to discuss the potential paternalism of the criminal justice system, which may cause potential sentence disparities (Daly, 1989; Nagel & Hagen, 1983; Steffensmeir, Ulmer, & Kramer, 1998). The findings indicate that women always receive a reduced sentence compared to male offenders, regardless of the crime type of past criminal offenses. The statistically significant results indicate that there is a need to review the criminal justice system and implement new polices such as judicial review to help stymie the differing sentences given (Spohn, 2009). If not, offenders will continue to receive differing sentences, based solely on extra-legal factors, such as the sex of the offender.
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Date Issued
2017
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004818, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004818
Subject Headings
Florida.--Department of Corrections--Evaluation., Female offenders--Florida--Social conditions., Corrections--Florida--Evaluation., Criminal justice, Administration of--Florida--Evaluatioin., Sentences (Criminal procedure)--Florida., Sex discrimination in criminal justice administration--Florida., Prison sentences--Florida.
Format
Document (PDF)
Data Fusion of LiDAR and Aerial Imagery to Map the Campus of Florida Atlantic University
Title
Data Fusion of LiDAR and Aerial Imagery to Map the Campus of Florida Atlantic University.
Creator
Gamboa, Nicole, Zhang, Caiyun, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Geosciences
Abstract/Description
Reliable geographic intelligence is essential for urban areas; land-cover classification creates the data for urban spatial decision making. This research tested a methodology to create a land-cover map for the main campus of Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida. The accuracy of nine separate land-cover classification results were tested; the one with the highest accuracy was chosen for the final map. Object-based image segmentation was applied to fused and LiDAR point cloud ...
Show moreReliable geographic intelligence is essential for urban areas; land-cover classification creates the data for urban spatial decision making. This research tested a methodology to create a land-cover map for the main campus of Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida. The accuracy of nine separate land-cover classification results were tested; the one with the highest accuracy was chosen for the final map. Object-based image segmentation was applied to fused and LiDAR point cloud (elevation and intensity) data and aerial imagery. These were classified by Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbor and Support Vector Machines classifiers. Shadow features were reclassified hierarchically in order to create a complete map. The Random Forest classifier used with the fused data set gave the highest overall accuracy at 82.3%, and a Kappa value at 0.77. When combined with the results from the shadow reclassification, the overall accuracy increased to 86.3% and the Kappa value improved to 0.82.
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Date Issued
2016
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004595, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004595
Subject Headings
Spatial analysis (Statistics), Geographic information systems., Cartography--Remote sensing., Thematic maps., Geospatial data--Mathematical models., Criminal justice, Administration of., African Americans, Violence against.
Format
Document (PDF)
Guilty" until proven innocent
Title
" Guilty" until proven innocent: interrogation and false confessions.
Creator
Wailes, Meridith, Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description
In 1956 Darrel Parker was convicted of murdering his wife, with no evidence of his guilt except his own confession. Like Parker, some individuals confess to crimes which they did not commit. These confessions are generally made with a lawyer present when police us deception or coercion. While deception is constitutional, and a permitted police tactic, coercion is not. THis paper distinguished between the two and provides a philosophical framework for determining when deception becomes...
Show moreIn 1956 Darrel Parker was convicted of murdering his wife, with no evidence of his guilt except his own confession. Like Parker, some individuals confess to crimes which they did not commit. These confessions are generally made with a lawyer present when police us deception or coercion. While deception is constitutional, and a permitted police tactic, coercion is not. THis paper distinguished between the two and provides a philosophical framework for determining when deception becomes coercive. While non-coercive deception can lead to false confessions, I do not argue that deception should be banned, as it is a useful tool for police in catching criminals. Instead, I argue that police may deceive suspects, but prosecutors and judges should provide a check by using a three-pronged test to ensure that individuals are not convicted of crimes they did not commit.
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Date Issued
2012
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3359324
Subject Headings
Confession (Law), Psychological aspects, Police questioning, Psychological aspects, Criminal justice, Administration of, Moral and ethical aspects, Interviewing in law enforcement, Criminal investigation, Psychological aspects
Format
Document (PDF)
DNA profiling and Fourth Amendment privacy
Title
DNA profiling and Fourth Amendment privacy.
Creator
Ohm, Daniel., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
Abstract/Description
DNA profiling is a newly developed technique used by law enforcement agencies in the United States as a form of individual identification to prove whether a suspect is guilty. Due to the fact that it is a newly developed technology there is little legislation to regulate its proper uses and restrictions. Therefore restrictions are largely determined by court decisions as to whether DNA profiling violates constitutional rights. Current decisions in state and federal district courts tend to...
Show moreDNA profiling is a newly developed technique used by law enforcement agencies in the United States as a form of individual identification to prove whether a suspect is guilty. Due to the fact that it is a newly developed technology there is little legislation to regulate its proper uses and restrictions. Therefore restrictions are largely determined by court decisions as to whether DNA profiling violates constitutional rights. Current decisions in state and federal district courts tend to permit use of DNA profiling without a warrant. These decisions violate principles of privacy guaranteed by the US Constitution as interpreted in pre-DNA fourth amendment cases. By drawing on fourth amendment case law and commentaries, I shall argue that while in some cases no warrant is required for DNA profiling - when it is conducted upon people who have been convicted of a felony - or all other people, a warrant should be required.
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Date Issued
2009
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3325084
Subject Headings
DNA fingerprinting, Privacy, Right of, Criminal justice, Administration of
Format
Document (PDF)
demographic profile of the victims and perpetrators of domestic homicide
Title
A demographic profile of the victims and perpetrators of domestic homicide.
Creator
Pearl, Jodi., Florida Atlantic University, Iscan, M. Yasar, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
Abstract/Description
The purpose of this study, which covers the 1992-1994 period, was to review the scientific literature on domestic abuse, to define the magnitude of fatal domestic abuse in Broward County, to analyze the demographic characteristics of the victims and their assailants and to evaluate the legal processing of charges by the organs of the local Administration of Justice. The sources of information which were used included the files of the Broward County Medical Examiner's Office, data provided by...
Show moreThe purpose of this study, which covers the 1992-1994 period, was to review the scientific literature on domestic abuse, to define the magnitude of fatal domestic abuse in Broward County, to analyze the demographic characteristics of the victims and their assailants and to evaluate the legal processing of charges by the organs of the local Administration of Justice. The sources of information which were used included the files of the Broward County Medical Examiner's Office, data provided by the Broward County State Attorney's Office and the Department of Corrections and the records of Women in Distress, a volunteer advocacy group for abused women. Findings revealed that 42 women were victims of domestic homicide during this three year period. A demographic profile of these women showed they were mostly black, high school educated and in their 30s. The majority were shot by their less educated male partners/husbands with prior arrest records between May and August.
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Date Issued
1996
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15271
Subject Headings
Abused women--Services for--Florida--Broward County, Criminal justice, Administration of--Florida--Broward County, Abused wives--Services for--Florida--Broward County, Wife abuse--Florida--Broward County, Victims of crimes surveys--Florida--Broward County
Format
Document (PDF)