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- Title
- 9,11-secogorgosterol biosynthesis in gorgonians.
- Creator
- Kellman, Jaelle, Florida Atlantic University, Kerr, Russell G., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Abstract/Description
-
9,11-secogorgosterol is a secondary metabolite from the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia americana which acts as a chemical defense. The soft coral lives in a symbiotic association with unicellular algae known as zooxanthellae. A biosynthetic investigation, using in vivo and in vitro methods, has resulted in the identification of the metabolic precursor of 9,11-secogorgosterol as gorgosterol. This finding is significant as it indicates that the conversion of gorgosterol to 9,11-secogorgosterol is...
Show more9,11-secogorgosterol is a secondary metabolite from the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia americana which acts as a chemical defense. The soft coral lives in a symbiotic association with unicellular algae known as zooxanthellae. A biosynthetic investigation, using in vivo and in vitro methods, has resulted in the identification of the metabolic precursor of 9,11-secogorgosterol as gorgosterol. This finding is significant as it indicates that the conversion of gorgosterol to 9,11-secogorgosterol is due to gorgonian metabolism. Since gorgosterol is known to be a product of zooxanthellae metabolism, this would be the first example of a defensive secondary metabolite being produced by two organisms living in symbiosis. A viable acetone powder has been generated from the crude cell-free extract and has demonstrated the efficient transformation of gorgosterol to 9, 11-secogorgosterol. This indicates possible future value as a synthetic tool for secosterol production.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1995
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15180
- Subject Headings
- Sterols--Synthesis, Alcyonacea
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Aquaculture of Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae and induction of pseudopterosins.
- Creator
- Thornton, Renee S., Florida Atlantic University, Kerr, Russell G.
- Abstract/Description
-
The pseudopterosins are a class of diterpene glycosides isolated from the Caribbean sea whip, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Pseudopterosins A-D possess potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties (ED50 ca. 3.0 mg/kg). There is a large demand in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries for pseudopterosin derivatives and presently, the only source of these chemicals is from wild-collected gorgonians. Preliminary experiments were performed to develop a reliable, cost-effective...
Show moreThe pseudopterosins are a class of diterpene glycosides isolated from the Caribbean sea whip, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Pseudopterosins A-D possess potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties (ED50 ca. 3.0 mg/kg). There is a large demand in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries for pseudopterosin derivatives and presently, the only source of these chemicals is from wild-collected gorgonians. Preliminary experiments were performed to develop a reliable, cost-effective production method of the pseudopterosins in order to avoid large-scale harvesting. We exposed the gorgonians to various forms of "stress" in an attempt to increase the amount of pseudopterosins produced. We have also evaluated the feasibility of raising Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae in an aquaculture setting by studying their growth rates in different environments. Our studies indicate that aquaculture used with some simple induction methods can allow for the commercialization of this important biochemical resource.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2000
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12727
- Subject Headings
- Alcyonacea, Aquaculture, Marine pharmacology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Biosynthesis and enzymology of secosteroids from Pseudopterogorgia americana.
- Creator
- Head, Kevin, Florida Atlantic University, Kerr, Russell G.
- Abstract/Description
-
9,11-Secosteroids are biologically active secondary metabolites from the marine invertebrate, Pseudopterogorgia americana. They are produced in vitro through an incubation of the steroid substrate with a cell-free extract of P. americana containing the necessary enzymes. Further optimization of this incubation was attempted through adjustment of incubation reagents and cofactors. The enzymes responsible for secosteroid production were partially purified through chromatography in an effort to...
Show more9,11-Secosteroids are biologically active secondary metabolites from the marine invertebrate, Pseudopterogorgia americana. They are produced in vitro through an incubation of the steroid substrate with a cell-free extract of P. americana containing the necessary enzymes. Further optimization of this incubation was attempted through adjustment of incubation reagents and cofactors. The enzymes responsible for secosteroid production were partially purified through chromatography in an effort to isolate and purify these enzymes. Finally, experiments with radiolabeled gorgosterol led to the elucidation and isolation of a key secosteroid precursor, 9,11-dihydroxygorgosterol.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1999
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15711
- Subject Headings
- Alcyonacea, Enzymes--Synthesis, Sterols
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Identification of novel cytotoxic agents from the dinoflagellate symbiont of the gorgonian Erythropodium caribaeorum.
- Creator
- Wynter, Sherine, Florida Atlantic University, Kerr, Russell G.
- Abstract/Description
-
Erythropodium caribaeorum is an octocoral known for its production of novel anticancer agents, such as eleutherobin and its analogs as well as for its complex association with symbiotic dinoflagellates (Zooxanthellae; genus Symbiodimum). With this in mind, two sets of experiments were conducted using the extracts of the symbiotic algal cells from Erythropodium caribaeorum: an isolation and characterization of a novel tri-hydroxy sterol and a bioassay-guided isolation of three additional...
Show moreErythropodium caribaeorum is an octocoral known for its production of novel anticancer agents, such as eleutherobin and its analogs as well as for its complex association with symbiotic dinoflagellates (Zooxanthellae; genus Symbiodimum). With this in mind, two sets of experiments were conducted using the extracts of the symbiotic algal cells from Erythropodium caribaeorum: an isolation and characterization of a novel tri-hydroxy sterol and a bioassay-guided isolation of three additional compounds. All compounds exhibit significant bioactivity against the following three cell lines: the human melanoma cell line M14P, the colon cancer cell line RKO and the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Importantly, this study reports the first isolation of a bioactive polyhydroxy sterol from a gorgonian's symbiont and further suggests that these algae represent a promising sustainable resource for drug discovery.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13096
- Subject Headings
- Alcyonacea, Dinoflagellates, Zooxanthellales, Marine pharmacology
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Chemoenzymatic synthesis of 9,11-secosteroids using an enzyme extract from a marine coral.
- Creator
- Rodriguez, Lesbeth Caridad., Florida Atlantic University, Kerr, Russell G.
- Abstract/Description
-
9,11-Secogorgosterol, a secondary metabolite from the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia americana, exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C, and potent anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity. An efficient method for the production of 9,11-secogorgosterol has been developed and optimized using an enzyme extract from the gorgonian P. americana. The gorgonian also produces two other 9,11-secosteroids which have marked differences in their side chains and nuclei, which suggested...
Show more9,11-Secogorgosterol, a secondary metabolite from the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia americana, exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C, and potent anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity. An efficient method for the production of 9,11-secogorgosterol has been developed and optimized using an enzyme extract from the gorgonian P. americana. The gorgonian also produces two other 9,11-secosteroids which have marked differences in their side chains and nuclei, which suggested that the enzymes responsible for their production were likely relatively nonspecific. Novel 9,11-secosteroids have been synthesized using the enzyme extract from the gorgonian.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1997
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15431
- Subject Headings
- Steroids, Enzymes--Synthesis, Alcyonacea, Corals
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- The biosynthetic production of pseudopterosin C: An anti-inflammatory agent from a marine soft coral.
- Creator
- Mydlarz, Laura D., Florida Atlantic University, Kerr, Russell G., Binninger, David
- Abstract/Description
-
Pseudopterosin C is a novel diterpene glycoside isolated from the Caribbean gorgonian coral, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Pseudopterosin C is non-steroidal and has been shown to exhibit promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The in vitro production of pseudopterosin C through biosynthetic methods has been examined. A cell-free system as well as an enzyme precipitate capable of transforming terpene precursors to the product has been developed. The parameters toward optimizing...
Show morePseudopterosin C is a novel diterpene glycoside isolated from the Caribbean gorgonian coral, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Pseudopterosin C is non-steroidal and has been shown to exhibit promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The in vitro production of pseudopterosin C through biosynthetic methods has been examined. A cell-free system as well as an enzyme precipitate capable of transforming terpene precursors to the product has been developed. The parameters toward optimizing the enzymatic production through cofactor requirements, differing terpene precursors and sugars were investigated.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1998
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15588
- Subject Headings
- Anti-inflammatory agents, Alcyonacea, Synthetic drugs
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Some Aspects of the Ecology of the Reefs of Palm Beach County, Florida, with Emphasis on the Gogonacea and their Bathymetric Distribution.
- Creator
- Goldberg, Walter M., Dobkin, Sheldon, Florida Atlantic University
- Abstract/Description
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This paper presents data relative to the ecology and bathymetric distribution of hermatypic gorgonians. The reefs were analyzed with respect to faunal composition and zonation. Ecological data such as turbidity, light penetration, salinity, dissolved oxygen and temperature were taken directly on the reefs. The main reef was carbondated (C^14 ) to determine the length of time required for development. Gorgonians were transplanted from 9 meters to 18 and 30 meters to observe growth rates and...
Show moreThis paper presents data relative to the ecology and bathymetric distribution of hermatypic gorgonians. The reefs were analyzed with respect to faunal composition and zonation. Ecological data such as turbidity, light penetration, salinity, dissolved oxygen and temperature were taken directly on the reefs. The main reef was carbondated (C^14 ) to determine the length of time required for development. Gorgonians were transplanted from 9 meters to 18 and 30 meters to observe growth rates and spicule changes. The relationships of zooxanthellae to the hermatypic Gorgonacea were analyzed and discussed. Experiments were conducted concerning respiration and photosynthetic rates, minimum oxygen tolerance, compensation intensities and depth, and starvation in the light as well as in the dark. Tolerance limits were establIshed for various levels of salinity, and temperature. Feeding behavior experiments were recorded and the relationship of gorgonian populations to the reef structure and community were discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1970
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000770
- Subject Headings
- Reefs--Florida--Palm Beach County, Alcyonacea
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- Title
- Origin and mechanism of terpene biosynthesis in Pseudopterogorgia spp.
- Creator
- Boehnlein, Jennifer M., Florida Atlantic University, Kerr, Russell G.
- Abstract/Description
-
The goal of this work was to investigate the biosynthetic origins of diterpene natural products (pseudopterosins, kallolides, bipinnatins, and cembrenes) from corals of the genus Pseudopterogorgia as well as the biosynthetic pathways by which they are produced. These studies have shown that the pseudopterosins from Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae are biosynthesized within the algal symbiont (or possibly a bacterium or fungus associated with the symbiont), are not inducible by manipulation of...
Show moreThe goal of this work was to investigate the biosynthetic origins of diterpene natural products (pseudopterosins, kallolides, bipinnatins, and cembrenes) from corals of the genus Pseudopterogorgia as well as the biosynthetic pathways by which they are produced. These studies have shown that the pseudopterosins from Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae are biosynthesized within the algal symbiont (or possibly a bacterium or fungus associated with the symbiont), are not inducible by manipulation of light levels, and do not change as a result of transplantation to new locations. Studies on Pseudopterogorgia bipinnata revealed that only one chemotype is capable of biosynthesizing the kallolide family of diterpenes. The biosynthetic pathway which gives rise to the kallolides has been shown to involve members of another family of diterpenes, the bipinnatins, which coexist within the coral holobiont. Two diterpene cyclase products have been discovered within P. bipinnata chemotype A, cembrene and neocembrene, and it has been shown that neocembrene gives rise to the kallolides. Finally, the enzymatic conversion of bipinnatin J to kallolide A has shown for the first time that these compounds are in fact biogenetically related.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12205
- Subject Headings
- Terpenes--Synthesis, Marine pharmacology, Alcyonacea, Biosynthesis, Anti-inflammatory agents
- Format
- Document (PDF)