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Genetics of Selected Marine Bacteria
Title
Genetics of Selected Marine Bacteria.
Creator
Pursglove, Diana L., Waddell, Glenn H., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
Marine bacteria are usually described as those bacteria which grow optimally in sea water. Their complex requirements for specific ions (sodium, potassium and magnesium) have been used to differentiate marine from terrigenous bacteria. These requirements, however, vary at the gene level through mutation. Both spontaneous and induced (ultraviolet light) mutations to loss of the ion requirement were observed. Spontaneous frequencies were low (below 10^-6); induced frequencies, high (10^-1 to 10...
Show moreMarine bacteria are usually described as those bacteria which grow optimally in sea water. Their complex requirements for specific ions (sodium, potassium and magnesium) have been used to differentiate marine from terrigenous bacteria. These requirements, however, vary at the gene level through mutation. Both spontaneous and induced (ultraviolet light) mutations to loss of the ion requirement were observed. Spontaneous frequencies were low (below 10^-6); induced frequencies, high (10^-1 to 10^-8). Back mutations were noticed. A stepwise mechanism was postulated for the mechanism of the mutation involved in the appearance of ion independent bacteria in a population of cells. Genetic analysis of the mechanism by which variations in ion requirements occurred included determination of base ratios and of transformation frequencies. The base ratios of mutant and parent bacteria were similar enough and the transformation frequencies high enough (10^-3 to 10^-5) to show a close relationship between the two types of bacteria. This similarity indicated that, although the genome of marine bacteria, which clearly controls the requirement for specific ions from the values of mutation frequencies, is altered by the action of ultraviolet light, the change was not observable by the methods used. The change could have been induced on the gene level to effect the synthesis of structural or functional proteins (enzymes).
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Date Issued
1968
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000814
Subject Headings
Marine microbiology, Marine bacteria
Format
Document (PDF)
Use of real-time qPCR to quantify members of the unculturable heterotrophic bacterial community in a deep sea marine sponge, Vetulina sp
Title
Use of real-time qPCR to quantify members of the unculturable heterotrophic bacterial community in a deep sea marine sponge, Vetulina sp.
Creator
Cassler, M., Peterson, C. L., Ledger, Angela, Pomponi, Shirley A., Wright, Amy E., Winegar, R., McCarthy, Peter J., Lopez, Jose V.
Date Issued
2008
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/2708323
Subject Headings
Microbiology --Research, Sponges --Microbiology, Marine biology --Caribbean Area
Format
Document (PDF)
HBMMD: an enhanced database of the microorganisms associated with deeper water marine invertebrates
Title
HBMMD: an enhanced database of the microorganisms associated with deeper water marine invertebrates.
Creator
Gunasekera, Aravinda S., Sfanos, Karen S., Harmody, Dedra K., Pomponi, Shirley A., McCarthy, Peter J., Lopez, Jose V.
Date Issued
2004
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/2796029
Subject Headings
Marine microbiology, Microorganisms, Marine invertebrates, Bioactive compounds, Sponges
Format
Document (PDF)
A molecular systematic survey of sponge derived microbes
Title
A molecular systematic survey of sponge derived microbes.
Creator
Sandell, K., Peterson, C. L., Harmody, Dedra K., McCarthy, Peter J., Pomponi, Shirley A., Lopez, Jose V.
Date Issued
2004
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00007425
Subject Headings
Sponges, Marine microbiology, Symbiosis, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, DNA Fingerprinting
Format
Document (PDF)
CULTIVATION OF MICROBES ASSOCIATED WITH INDIAN RIVER LAGOON SPONGES
Title
CULTIVATION OF MICROBES ASSOCIATED WITH INDIAN RIVER LAGOON SPONGES.
Creator
Burton, Miranda Nicole, McCarthy, Peter, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Marine Science and Oceanography, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
Abstract/Description
Cultivation of microbial populations is a necessity for the use of microbes within the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries, however, approximately only 1% of bacteria have been successfully cultivated in the lab. Dilution to Extinction (DTE) is a technique which involves serially diluting a microbial suspension to single cell inoculum prior to inoculation in a liquid medium designed to replicate natural aquatic environments. This technique was used here for the cultivation of...
Show moreCultivation of microbial populations is a necessity for the use of microbes within the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries, however, approximately only 1% of bacteria have been successfully cultivated in the lab. Dilution to Extinction (DTE) is a technique which involves serially diluting a microbial suspension to single cell inoculum prior to inoculation in a liquid medium designed to replicate natural aquatic environments. This technique was used here for the cultivation of diverse, potentially novel microbes from the marine sponge, Mycale microsigmatosa. One hundred thirty-six samples were successfully sequenced and identified with the majority belonging to the classes Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. Furthermore, when combined with miniaturized fermentation, DTE allowed for the isolation and identification of marine natural products (3-Heptyl-3-hydroxy-2,4 (1H, 3H)-quinolinedione and 2-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline) active against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. These metabolites originated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an isolate obtained from Mycale microsigmatosa using this technique.
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Date Issued
2021
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013858
Subject Headings
Indian River (Fla. : Lagoon), Sponges--Microbiology, Marine natural products
Format
Document (PDF)
The Occurrence of Vibrio vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, with Implications for Human Health
Title
The Occurrence of Vibrio vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, with Implications for Human Health.
Creator
Barbarite, Gabrielle M., McCarthy, Peter J., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences
Abstract/Description
Vibrio bacteria are emerging pathogens responsible for 80,000 illnesses and 100 deaths in the United States each year. Infections are directly linked to the marine environment and are acquired by consuming contaminated seafood or exposing wounds during aquatic activities. Florida has the highest national incidence of vibriosis, with 20% of its cases reported from the Indian River Lagoon region, a popular recreation destination. This study utilized a combination of cultivation and molecular...
Show moreVibrio bacteria are emerging pathogens responsible for 80,000 illnesses and 100 deaths in the United States each year. Infections are directly linked to the marine environment and are acquired by consuming contaminated seafood or exposing wounds during aquatic activities. Florida has the highest national incidence of vibriosis, with 20% of its cases reported from the Indian River Lagoon region, a popular recreation destination. This study utilized a combination of cultivation and molecular techniques to investigate the local distribution of V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae in this local waterway. The targeted species were found in an array of samples which may facilitate their transmission to humans. Overall, these bacteria were abundant in estuarine sediments (Vp: 2,439 CFU/g, Vv: 303 CFU/g, Vc: 176 CFU/g), on the sharp edges of oyster shells (Vp: 82 CFU/cm, Vv: 102 CFU/cm, Vc: 41 CFU/cm), and in the water column (Vp: 3.78 CFU/ml, Vv: 5.51 CFU/ml, Vc: 2.46 CFU/ml). Vibrio also pose a hazard to recreational anglers as they were recovered from fish (Vp: 61%, Vv: 55%, Vc: 30%), live bait shrimp (Vp: 80%, Vv: 37%, Vc: 0%) and hooks (Vp: 32%, Vv: 18%, Vc: 0%). Additionally, a molecular analysis of the V. vulnificus virulence revealed that the local population was dominated by disease-causing (vcgC) strains, which may explain why wound-related infections are common in this region. Vibrio occurrence varied both spatially and temporally due to their relationship with salinity and temperature. These bacteria exhibited a strong negative correlation with salinity, being particularly abundant near freshwater discharge locations. Due to Florida’s year-round warm climate, these species were found to be permanent members of the local microbial community. Seasonal peaks in abundance occurred between August and October, a period which corresponds with the warmest water temperatures as well as frequent rainfall. Predictive models were constructed based on these parameters to provide a better understanding of how, when and where Vibrio spp. may be encountered by humans. This information is important for both water management and healthcare initiatives, with an overall goal of improving local recreational safety.
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Date Issued
2016
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004705
Subject Headings
Health risk assessment, Marine microbiology, Pathogenic microorganisms, Vibrio infections, Vibrionaceae
Format
Document (PDF)
Elucidation of Microbial Communities From South Florida Beaches Using 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis
Title
Elucidation of Microbial Communities From South Florida Beaches Using 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis.
Creator
Ponukumati, Sushma, Esiobu, Nwadiuto, Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
The composition of marine bacterial communities from South Florida beaches were characterized using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. To compare cultivable and noncultured populations, community genomic DNA was extracted directly from sand and seawater samples and from two cultured equivalents. Only two ofthe 86 (2.3%) direct extracted sequences and 79 of 150 (52.6%) culture sequences belong to known isolates in Ribosomal Database (version 9.0) at 95% confidence level. At low stringency (p=0.70),...
Show moreThe composition of marine bacterial communities from South Florida beaches were characterized using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. To compare cultivable and noncultured populations, community genomic DNA was extracted directly from sand and seawater samples and from two cultured equivalents. Only two ofthe 86 (2.3%) direct extracted sequences and 79 of 150 (52.6%) culture sequences belong to known isolates in Ribosomal Database (version 9.0) at 95% confidence level. At low stringency (p=0.70), the populations cluster into several unknown clads with early divergence, indicating the presence of novel well established bacterial groups. Members of phylum Bacteroidetes, Firmicuites and Proteobacteria were identified, with the latter being the most prevalent in culture. Diversity indices rank Hollywood beach > Fort Lauderdale > Hobie beach. Taxonomic representation indicates marine water as more diverse compared to dry sand and wet sand. A combination of phylogenetic markers will be needed to define the immense diversity of this niche.
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Date Issued
2007
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000809
Subject Headings
Marine microbiology--Florida, Evolutionary genetics, Biodiversity--Research, Marine biodiversity conservation
Format
Document (PDF)
Diversity of the Bacterial Communities Associated with the Azooxanthellate Deep Water Octocorals Leptogorgia minimata, Iciligorgia schrammi, and Swiftia exertia, Marine Biotechnology
Title
Diversity of the Bacterial Communities Associated with the Azooxanthellate Deep Water Octocorals Leptogorgia minimata, Iciligorgia schrammi, and Swiftia exertia, Marine Biotechnology.
Creator
Brück, Thomas B., Brück, Wolfram M., Santiago-Vázquez, Lory Z., McCarthy, Peter J., Kerr, Russell G.
Date Issued
2007
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/2796098
Subject Headings
Octocorallia, Microbial ecology, Microorganisms --United States --Identification, Marine microbiology, Pompano Beach (Fla.)
Format
Document (PDF)
A Study of the Longevity of f2 Bacteriophage in Marine and Fresh Water Sewage Effluent, and Its Use as a Biological Indicator of Pollution
Title
A Study of the Longevity of f2 Bacteriophage in Marine and Fresh Water Sewage Effluent, and Its Use as a Biological Indicator of Pollution.
Creator
Twist, Ernest Michael, Waddell, Glenn H., Florida Atlantic University
Abstract/Description
The significance of the transmission of animal viruses in sewage polluted fresh and marine waters becomes an increasingly important factor as more and more evidence is presented to support the fact that in the case of many viral types one virus particle constitutes an infective dose. Therefore it is very important that a method of determining the extent of viral pollution in sewage polluted bodies of marine and fresh water be found. The longevity of f2 bacteriophage in both marine and fresh...
Show moreThe significance of the transmission of animal viruses in sewage polluted fresh and marine waters becomes an increasingly important factor as more and more evidence is presented to support the fact that in the case of many viral types one virus particle constitutes an infective dose. Therefore it is very important that a method of determining the extent of viral pollution in sewage polluted bodies of marine and fresh water be found. The longevity of f2 bacteriophage in both marine and fresh water sewage polluted samples was determined, and shown to be 3 to 4 days for marine water and 8 days for fresh water. It was also shown that the culture medium in which the f2 phage was produced, and the larger macromolecular polymers commonly found associated with sewage had a favorable affect in increasing the longevity of f2 phage. It was shown that f2 bacteriophage could be used to follow the initial dispersion of the sewage boil arising from an ocean outfall sewerage system. From these results it was concluded that f2 bacteriophage could be used for more detailed studies concerned with the transmission of viruses in sewage polluted waters.
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Date Issued
1968
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000841
Subject Headings
Sewage disposal in the ocean, Marine pollution, Bacteriophages, Sewage--Microbiology
Format
Document (PDF)
EVALUATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR USE IN MARINE WATERS: ENUMERATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCI BY A FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, AND ISOTOPIC DETERMINATION OF BACTERIAL METABOLIC POTENTIAL
Title
AN EVALUATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR USE IN MARINE WATERS: ENUMERATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCI BY A FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, AND ISOTOPIC DETERMINATION OF BACTERIAL METABOLIC POTENTIAL.
Creator
BUCHANAN, IAN ELLIS., Florida Atlantic University, Hoffmann, H. A.
Abstract/Description
Two methods, a membrane filter-fluorescent antibody technique for detection of Staphylococcus aureus, and isotopic determination of relative heterotrophic activity, were compared with a standard technique based on the recovery of coliform organisms for evaluation as indices of marine pollution. Water samples were collected from coastal areas of Pompano Beach and Boca Raton, Florida. Coliform and staphylococci survival in seawater was studied under laboratory conditions. The effect of exposure...
Show moreTwo methods, a membrane filter-fluorescent antibody technique for detection of Staphylococcus aureus, and isotopic determination of relative heterotrophic activity, were compared with a standard technique based on the recovery of coliform organisms for evaluation as indices of marine pollution. Water samples were collected from coastal areas of Pompano Beach and Boca Raton, Florida. Coliform and staphylococci survival in seawater was studied under laboratory conditions. The effect of exposure to seawater on substrate uptake by coliforms and other sewage microorganisms was studied using isotopic methods. The results of these studies support the feasibility of using S· aureus as a long-range indicator of marine pollution. Under natural conditions, S· aureus appears more resistant to seawater than coliform organisms, although the reverse was found under laboratory conditions. Seawater inhibited uptake of glucose and lactose by Escherichia coli and other sewage organisms. Relative heterotrophic potentials in terms of glucose and lactose uptake velocities were not significantly affected in coastal waters by the influx of bacteria and nutrients in sewage outfall effluent.
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Date Issued
1973
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13557
Subject Headings
Staphylococcus aureus, Marine pollution, Sewage disposal in the ocean, Sewage--Microbiology
Format
Document (PDF)