Current Search: Cognition (x)
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Title
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Children's conceptual understanding of growth.
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Creator
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Copeland, Aquilla D., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Growth is a property that is unique to living things. Studies demonstrate that even preschool children use growth to determine whether objects are alive. However, little identifies explanations that children use to attribute growth. The goal of the present study was to investigate how people reason about growth. We hypothesized that older children would outperform younger children in understanding that growth is inevitable for living things, while adults would consistently perform at ceiling...
Show moreGrowth is a property that is unique to living things. Studies demonstrate that even preschool children use growth to determine whether objects are alive. However, little identifies explanations that children use to attribute growth. The goal of the present study was to investigate how people reason about growth. We hypothesized that older children would outperform younger children in understanding that growth is inevitable for living things, while adults would consistently perform at ceiling levels. Our hypothesis was partially supported. Although adults consistently outperformed children, older children rarely outperformed younger children. Still, both younger and older children performed above chance in attributing growth. Moreover, all participants were more likely to use biological explanations to explain growth. Taken together, this research qualifies the early hypotheses of Piaget (1929) and Carey (1985) that children lack a well developed biological domain before age nine, but suggests that a biological domain, though less developed, is present. Based on these findings, implications for more efficient approaches to science education are discussed.
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Date Issued
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2010
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2974434
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Subject Headings
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Cognition in children, Imagery (Psychology) in children, Child development, Identity (Psychology) in children
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Chimpanzee alarm communications: a zoosemiotic study.
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Creator
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Raymond, Alyssa M., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Evidence for conceptual semantics is well established in monkeys, however this basis of human language is less evident in the great apes. In order to study semantic communications in chimpanzees, I analyzed alarm calls produced towards a blimp as it was flying overhead. I then replayed a set of these alarm calls to the chimps on a different day. The chimps appeared to act in a manner consistent with the presence of the blimp. The calls they produced in response to the playback stimuli were...
Show moreEvidence for conceptual semantics is well established in monkeys, however this basis of human language is less evident in the great apes. In order to study semantic communications in chimpanzees, I analyzed alarm calls produced towards a blimp as it was flying overhead. I then replayed a set of these alarm calls to the chimps on a different day. The chimps appeared to act in a manner consistent with the presence of the blimp. The calls they produced in response to the playback stimuli were nearly identical to the calls that were produced during the actual flyover. Though the data collected were not sufficient to support a definitive claim, it does appear that the chimpanzees of the study have a meaning-laden vocalization for the aerial stimuli. Whether this call is specific to the blimp or generalizable to other aerial threats is yet to be determined.
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Date Issued
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2012
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3352278
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Subject Headings
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Animal communication, Social behavior in animals, Cognition in animals, Chimpanzees, Behavior, Chimpanzees, Psychology
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Emotion and the designed object.
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Creator
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Schade, Brittany Diane., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Visual Arts and Art History
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Abstract/Description
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This thesis explores the expression of emotion through designed objects. Objects act as vehicles of memory in the same way language is the visible form of thought. In graphic design, the sensory qualities of an object provide a material surface on which information is communicated. The goal is to expose the autonomy of materials and form available to designers in the physical world while expressing emotional meaning beyond original form. By recasting the temporary fragments and observations...
Show moreThis thesis explores the expression of emotion through designed objects. Objects act as vehicles of memory in the same way language is the visible form of thought. In graphic design, the sensory qualities of an object provide a material surface on which information is communicated. The goal is to expose the autonomy of materials and form available to designers in the physical world while expressing emotional meaning beyond original form. By recasting the temporary fragments and observations of life into designed objects imbued with personal and cultural importance, the audience gains insight into others' personal and emotional experiences. Through our connections with the physical world, I investigate how form and the material qualities of designed objects can elicit an emotional response from the audience.
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Date Issued
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2013
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3361060
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Subject Headings
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Emotions and cognition, Design, Psychological aspects, Industrial design, Psychological aspects, Human engineering
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Experimental archaeology and hominid evolution: establishing a methodology for determining handedness in lithic materials as a proxy for cognitive evolution.
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Creator
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Ruck, Lana, Broadfield, Douglas C., Florida Atlantic University, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
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Abstract/Description
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Human handedness is likely related to brain lateralization and major cognitive innovations in human evolution. Identifying handedness in the archaeological record is, therefore, an important step in understanding our cognitive evolution. This thesis reports on experiments in identifying knapper handedness in lithic debitage. I conducted a blind study on flakes (n=631) from Acheulean handaxes replicated by right- and left-handed flintknappers. Several flake characteristics significantly...
Show moreHuman handedness is likely related to brain lateralization and major cognitive innovations in human evolution. Identifying handedness in the archaeological record is, therefore, an important step in understanding our cognitive evolution. This thesis reports on experiments in identifying knapper handedness in lithic debitage. I conducted a blind study on flakes (n=631) from Acheulean handaxes replicated by right- and left-handed flintknappers. Several flake characteristics significantly indicated handedness, with a binary logistic regression correctly predicting handedness for 71.7% of the flakes. However, other characteristics were not associated with handedness. This is a result of personal knapping styles, as additional analyses show that individual knappers associate with some attributes better than handedness does. Continued work on these methodologies will enable analysis of Paleolithic assemblages in the future, with the ultimate goal of tracking population-level hominid handedness rates through time and using them as a proxy for cognitive evolution and language acquisition.
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Date Issued
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2014
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004325, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004325
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Subject Headings
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Archaeology, Brain -- Evolution, Cerebral dominance, Cognition and culture, Flintknapping, Fossil hominids, Human evolution, Laterality
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Development of inhibition as a function of the presence of an intentional agent.
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Creator
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King, Ashley., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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This thesis examined the developmental differences in inhibition and theory-of-mind of 4-8 year olds as a function of the suggested presence of a supernatural agent. All children played four games designed to assess their current level of inhibition and theory-of-mind performance; Children in the experimental condition, only, were also introduced to an invisible Princess Alice and were told that she was watching during the games. Following these measures, all children engaged in a resistance...
Show moreThis thesis examined the developmental differences in inhibition and theory-of-mind of 4-8 year olds as a function of the suggested presence of a supernatural agent. All children played four games designed to assess their current level of inhibition and theory-of-mind performance; Children in the experimental condition, only, were also introduced to an invisible Princess Alice and were told that she was watching during the games. Following these measures, all children engaged in a resistance-to-temptation task to determine any differences in inhibition resulting from Princess Alice's suggested presence. I found that children exhibiting a well-developed theory-of-mind were more likely to express belief in Princess Alice than were children lacking this cognitive ability. This research provided support that cognitive maturity, rather than immaturity, may be necessary for children to express belief in novel supernatural agents, and highlighted the importance of context as a mediating factor in children's behavioral inhibition.
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Date Issued
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2009
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/227977
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Subject Headings
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Child psychopathology, Physiological aspects, Cognition in children, Philosophy of mind in children, Inhibition
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Face processing in persons with and without Alzheimer's disease.
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Creator
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Winchester, Jeanna., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
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Abstract/Description
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This study aimed to understand the differences in strength or coordination of brain regions involved in processing faces in the presence of aging and/or progressing neuropathology (Alzheimer's disease). To this end, Experiment 1 evaluated age-related differences in basic face processing and the effects of familiarity in face processing. Overall, face processing in younger (22-35yrs) and older participants (63-83yrs) recruited a broadly distributed network of brain activity, but the...
Show moreThis study aimed to understand the differences in strength or coordination of brain regions involved in processing faces in the presence of aging and/or progressing neuropathology (Alzheimer's disease). To this end, Experiment 1 evaluated age-related differences in basic face processing and the effects of familiarity in face processing. Overall, face processing in younger (22-35yrs) and older participants (63-83yrs) recruited a broadly distributed network of brain activity, but the distribution of activity varied depending on the age of the individual. The younger population utilized regions of the occipitotemporal, medial frontal and posterior parietal cortices while the older population recruited a concentrated occipitotemporal network. The younger participants were also sensitive to the type of face presented, as Novel faces were associated with greater mean BOLD activity than either the Famous or Relatives faces. Interestingly, Relatives faces were associated with greater mean B OLD activity in more regions of the brain than found in any other analysis in Exp. 1, spanning the inferior frontal, medial temporal and inferior parietal cortices. In contrast, the older adults were not sensitive to the type of face presented, which could reflect a difference in cognitive strategies used by the older population when presented with this type of face stimuli. Experiment 2 evaluated face processing, familiarity in face processing and also emphasized the interactive roles autobiographical processing and memory recency play in processing familiar faces in mature adults (MA; 45-55yrs), older adults (OA; 70-92yrs) and patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD; 70-92yrs)., MA participants had greater mean BOLD activity values in more regions of the brain than observed in either of the older adult populations, spanning regions of the medial frontal, medial temporal, inferior parietal and occipital cortices. OA, in contrast, utilized a concentrated frontal and medial temporal network and AD participants had the greatest deficit in BOLD activity overall.Age-related differences in processing faces, in processing the type of face presented, in autobiographical information processing and in processing the recency of a memory were noted, as well as differences due to the deleterious effects of AD.
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Date Issued
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2009
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/199330
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Subject Headings
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Face perception, Cognition, Age factors, Human face recognition, Alzheimer's disease, Facial expression, Physiological aspects
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Functional constraints on young children's object problem solving.
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Creator
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Bidmead, Sarah, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Although some research has suggested that very young children are "immune" to functional fixedness (FF), other work has shown that young children form robust associations between objects and their prescribed functions. Across two studies, I investigated (a) the developmental trajectory of FF and (b) its relationship with executive function components (inhibitory control and working memory) in 3- to 6-year old children. Both older and younger children experience FF, but older children use...
Show moreAlthough some research has suggested that very young children are "immune" to functional fixedness (FF), other work has shown that young children form robust associations between objects and their prescribed functions. Across two studies, I investigated (a) the developmental trajectory of FF and (b) its relationship with executive function components (inhibitory control and working memory) in 3- to 6-year old children. Both older and younger children experience FF, but older children use familiar tools more flexibly than younger children (3- and 4-year olds). Furthermore, inhibitory control was related to overcoming FF, indicating that it may be an important cognitive capacity for creative problem-solving. Finally, in a third study, children were instructed to use mental imagery to help them solve the functional fixedness problems. However, these instructions were ineffective at reducing FF compared to a control condition, underscoring the robust nature of object-function relationships in early childhood.
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Date Issued
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2012
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3359286
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Subject Headings
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Learning, Psychology of, Developmental psychology, Cognition in children, Visual perception in chldren
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Affect coding within the therapeutic relationship.
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Creator
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Luedke, Ashley J., College of Education, Department of Counselor Education
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Abstract/Description
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This study investigates affect coding within the therapeutic relationship, by exploring the client's and therapist's perception of the relationship and the facial and vocal affect expressed by both parties. A sample of 14 therapy sessions each having 1800 data points was collected. The Working Alliance Inventory Short Form (WAI-S) and Real Relationship Inventory (RRI) were completed after each recorded session. The participants were therapists and clients at a university counseling center in...
Show moreThis study investigates affect coding within the therapeutic relationship, by exploring the client's and therapist's perception of the relationship and the facial and vocal affect expressed by both parties. A sample of 14 therapy sessions each having 1800 data points was collected. The Working Alliance Inventory Short Form (WAI-S) and Real Relationship Inventory (RRI) were completed after each recorded session. The participants were therapists and clients at a university counseling center in South Florida. Data were analyzed using one-tailed t tests, descriptive statistics, scores from RRI and the WAI-S and percentages of negative, neutral and positive affect. Statistically significant relationships were found between seconds of therapist negative affect (t(13)= -2.065, p. <.05) and seconds of therapist neutral affect (t(13)= -1.959, p. <.05) for clients who dropped out of therapy. The seconds of negative affect coded for clients (t(13) = -1.396, p. >.05) was approaching statistical significance for clients who drop out of therapy. This study provides theoretical and empirical support for linking the presence of facial affect in the first session and its effects on the therapeutic relationship and thus client retention or drop out. The clinical implications of these findings are also discussed.
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Date Issued
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2013
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362484
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Subject Headings
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Cognitive neuroscience, Interpersonal communication, Body language, Research, Methodology, Affect (Psychology), Psychotherapist and patient
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Acute and temporal responses of brain–derived neurotrophic factor and Interleukin-6 to high and low repetition resistance training programs.
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Creator
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Quiles, Justin M., Zourdos, Michael C., Florida Atlantic University, College of Education, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion
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Abstract/Description
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The purpose of this study was to determine if resistance exercise altered peripheral BDNF concentration. Eighteen trained male subjects were split into two groups performing varied repetition ranges. DUP-HR and DUP-LR groups trained 3x/week for 8 weeks, and were equated for total volume (repetitions X sets X intensity). Plasma BDNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured prior to and immediately following the first exercise session of weeks 1, 2, 4 and 6. Pre-exercise levels were also...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to determine if resistance exercise altered peripheral BDNF concentration. Eighteen trained male subjects were split into two groups performing varied repetition ranges. DUP-HR and DUP-LR groups trained 3x/week for 8 weeks, and were equated for total volume (repetitions X sets X intensity). Plasma BDNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured prior to and immediately following the first exercise session of weeks 1, 2, 4 and 6. Pre-exercise levels were also assessed prior to the second and third sessions of week 1 and 6. Lastly, resting levels were measured before and after training intervention. No group differences (p>0.05) were detected for either biomarker. An acute BDNF elevation (p=0.018) was detected only in the final week of training. IL-6 elevations were detected at all acute measurements (p<0.01). BDNF and IL-6 percentage change correlated significantly (p<0.05) in week-1. No chronic alterations were observed (p>0.05).
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Date Issued
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2015
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004461, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004461
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Subject Headings
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Bioenergetics, Cognitive science, Exercise -- Physiological aspects, Kinesiology, Metabolic syndrome -- Pathophysiology, Neurons -- Physiology, Neurophysiology, Neurotrophic functions
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Heading in the right direction: the behavior and brain mechanisms of directional navigation.
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Creator
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Williams, Sidney Beth., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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The mechanisms that rodents employ to navigate through their environment have been greatly studied. Cognitive mapping theory suggests that animals use distal cues in the environment to navigate to a goal location (place navigation). However, others have found that animals navigate in a particular direction to find a goal (directional navigation). The rodent brain contains head direction cells (HD cells) that discharge according to the head direction of the animal. Navigation by heading...
Show moreThe mechanisms that rodents employ to navigate through their environment have been greatly studied. Cognitive mapping theory suggests that animals use distal cues in the environment to navigate to a goal location (place navigation). However, others have found that animals navigate in a particular direction to find a goal (directional navigation). The rodent brain contains head direction cells (HD cells) that discharge according to the head direction of the animal. Navigation by heading direction is disrupted by lesions of the anterodorsal thalamic nuclei (ADN), many of which are HD cells. Aim 1 tested whether male C57BL/6J mice exhibit direction or place navigation in the Morris water maze. Aim 2 tested the effects of temporary inactivation of the ADN on directional navigation. Together, these data indicate that C57BL/6J mice also exhibit preference for directional navigation and suggest that the ADN may be crucial for this form of spatial navigation.
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Date Issued
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2009
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/186774
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Subject Headings
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Mice as laboratory animals, Animal navigation, Spatial behavior in animals, Cognition in animals
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Infants' perception of synthetic-like multisensory relations.
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Creator
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Minar, Nicholas J., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Studies have shown that human infants can integrate the multisensory attributes of their world and, thus, have coherent perceptual experiences. Multisensory attributes can either specify non-arbitrary (e.g., amodal stimulus/event properties and typical relations) or arbitrary properties (e.g., visuospatial height and pitch). The goal of the current study was to expand on Walker et al.'s (2010) finding that 4-month-old infants looked longer at rising/falling objects when accompanied by rising...
Show moreStudies have shown that human infants can integrate the multisensory attributes of their world and, thus, have coherent perceptual experiences. Multisensory attributes can either specify non-arbitrary (e.g., amodal stimulus/event properties and typical relations) or arbitrary properties (e.g., visuospatial height and pitch). The goal of the current study was to expand on Walker et al.'s (2010) finding that 4-month-old infants looked longer at rising/falling objects when accompanied by rising/falling pitch than when accompanied by falling/rising pitch. We did so by conducting two experiments. In Experiment 1, our procedure matched Walker et al.'s (2010) single screen presentation while in Experiment 2 we used a multisensory paired-preference procedure. Additionally, we examined infants' responsiveness to these synesthetic-like events at multiple ages throughout development (four, six, and 12 months of age). ... In sum, our findings indicate that the ability to match changing visuospatial height with rising/falling pitch does not emerge until the end of the first year of life and throw into doubt Walker et al.'s (2010) claim that 4-month-old infants perceive audiovisual synesthetic relations in a manner similar to adults.
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Date Issued
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2013
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362552
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Subject Headings
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Cognition in children, Individual differences in children, Infant psychology, Infants, Development, Perception in infants, Intersensory effects
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Preserved and deficient calculation processes in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.
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Creator
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Jurado Noboa, Maria Beatriz., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Two skills necessary for the execution of proficient calculation, retrieving arithmetic facts from memory and accessing number magnitude information, were studied in a group of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls to try to elucidate the locus of impairment in AD-related calculation deficits. This was achieved through the use of an arithmetic production task and a number-matching task as measures of explicit and implicit...
Show moreTwo skills necessary for the execution of proficient calculation, retrieving arithmetic facts from memory and accessing number magnitude information, were studied in a group of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls to try to elucidate the locus of impairment in AD-related calculation deficits. This was achieved through the use of an arithmetic production task and a number-matching task as measures of explicit and implicit retrieval of arithmetic facts, and a numerical Stroop task that assesses automatic access to number magnitude representation. AD patients, but not MCI patients, showed high response latencies and a high number of errors when performing multiplications in the production task, and reduced automatic retrieval of arithmetic task in the number-matching task. All participants showed the classic problem-size effect often reported in the mathematical cognition literature. Performance on the numerical Stroop task suggests that access to number magnitude information is relatively resistant to cognitive impairment. ... Results for the AD group are consistent with a pattern of preserved and impaired cognitive processes that might mediate the reported calculation deficits in AD.
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Date Issued
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2013
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362384
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Subject Headings
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Aging, Psychological aspects, Cognitive psychology, Memory disorders in old age, Alzheimer's disease, Diagnosis, Context effects (Psychology)
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Performance Analysis of Spectrum Sensing Schemes Based on Fractional Lower Order Moments for Cognitive Radios in Alpha- Stable Noise Environments.
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Creator
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Ackie, A-Bon Elfick, Aalo, Valentine A., Florida Atlantic University, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Abstract/Description
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Natural and manmade noise signals tend to exhibit impulsive behaviors. Therefore modeling those signals as α-stable processes is better suited towards the development of a practical spectrum sensing scheme. However, the performances of detectors operating in an α-stable noise environment are difficult to evaluate. This is because an α-stable random variable can usually only be modeled by the characteristic function since closed-form expressions are usually not available except for the special...
Show moreNatural and manmade noise signals tend to exhibit impulsive behaviors. Therefore modeling those signals as α-stable processes is better suited towards the development of a practical spectrum sensing scheme. However, the performances of detectors operating in an α-stable noise environment are difficult to evaluate. This is because an α-stable random variable can usually only be modeled by the characteristic function since closed-form expressions are usually not available except for the special values of the characteristic exponent that correspond to the Cauchy and Gaussian noise distributions. In this thesis, we derive a general closed-form expression for the probability density function (PDF) of symmetric alpha stable processes having rational characteristic exponent (0<α≤2). Consequently, we obtain analytical expressions for the PDF and corresponding complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) of the proposed fractional lower order moment (FLOM) detector. Utilizing false alarm and detection probabilities, the performance analysis of the proposed spectrum sensing scheme is conducted with the assumption that the cognitive radio (CR) users are operating in non-fading channels. We validate the analytical results with Monte Carlo simulations. The effect of the distribution parameters on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves is verified.
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Date Issued
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2016
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004561, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004561
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Subject Headings
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Cognitive radio networks., Radio frequency allocation., Radio resource management (Wireless communications), Wireless communication systems.
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Personality Traits in Atlantic Spotted Dolphins (Stenella Frontalis): Syndromes and Predictors of Neophilia.
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Creator
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Skrzypczak, Nathan, Herzing, Denise L., Detwiler, Kate M., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences
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Abstract/Description
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Personality is defined as inter-individual variation of behavioral traits while maintaining intra-individual stability. The focus of this study was to observe distinct personality trait categories, establish baseline personality trait phenotypes for the juvenile population, and compare the personality phenotypes between different categories, such as sex or generation. Three personality traits were studied—sociability, curiousity, and boldness—based on the percentage of time individuals spent...
Show morePersonality is defined as inter-individual variation of behavioral traits while maintaining intra-individual stability. The focus of this study was to observe distinct personality trait categories, establish baseline personality trait phenotypes for the juvenile population, and compare the personality phenotypes between different categories, such as sex or generation. Three personality traits were studied—sociability, curiousity, and boldness—based on the percentage of time individuals spent with conspecifics, human researchers, and their mothers, respectively. The surveyed individuals significantly varied positively and negatively from the means of each trait, and no significant difference for any trait was found between males and females, or across time periods. A moderately strong correlation was discovered between two personality traits, boldness and curiousity, suggesting a personality syndrome. The second primary goal was to use the aforementioned baseline to determine if personality traits can be used to predict neophilic behavior specific to human-dolphin communication research. Six of the study subjects were more prone than their peers to engage with the two-way work, and these individuals were more bold—spent less time with their mothers—than the other subjects. This suggests that boldness has some predictive capabilities towards this type of neophilia.
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Date Issued
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2016
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004680, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004680
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Subject Headings
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Animal behavior, Animal societies, Atlantic spotted dolphin -- Behavior -- Research, Cognition in animals, Social behavior in animals
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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The application of the less is more hypothesis in foreign language learning.
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Creator
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Chin, Simone L., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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This study tests Newports Less is More hypothesis with a language teaching experiment. Computerized French language lessons were presented to forty-two adults over two one-hour sessions. Learning trials were presented either in full sentences to resemble the adult learning environment, or in small increments that gradually increased to full sentences, resembling the steadily expanding processing capabilities of children. Trials were also presented randomly or ordered such that multiple...
Show moreThis study tests Newports Less is More hypothesis with a language teaching experiment. Computerized French language lessons were presented to forty-two adults over two one-hour sessions. Learning trials were presented either in full sentences to resemble the adult learning environment, or in small increments that gradually increased to full sentences, resembling the steadily expanding processing capabilities of children. Trials were also presented randomly or ordered such that multiple examples of the same objects and verbs were presented consecutively. Language proficiency tests were administered after the lessons. A 2 (Presentation: incremental or full sentence) x 2 (Order of presentation: blocked or random) mixed ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The incremental conditions outperformed the sentence conditions on all proficiency measures. There was no significant effect of the blocking manipulation. This outcome suggests that a teaching method based on Newport's Less is More hypothesis can be advantageous in learning a foreign language.
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Date Issued
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2009
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/368254
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Subject Headings
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Second language acquisition, Methodology, Language and languages, Study and teaching, Cognitive grammar, Biolinguistics, Human information processing
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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The influrence of language on recognition memory for motion.
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Creator
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Karaman, Ferhat., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Satellite-framed languages and verb-framed languages differ in how they encode motion events. English encodes or lexicalizes Path in verb particles, prepositional phrases, or satellites associated with the main verb. In contrast, Turkish tends to encode Path in the main verb of a clause. When describing motion events, English speakers typically use verbs that convey information about manner rather than path, whereas Turkish speakers do the opposite. In this study, we investigated whether this...
Show moreSatellite-framed languages and verb-framed languages differ in how they encode motion events. English encodes or lexicalizes Path in verb particles, prepositional phrases, or satellites associated with the main verb. In contrast, Turkish tends to encode Path in the main verb of a clause. When describing motion events, English speakers typically use verbs that convey information about manner rather than path, whereas Turkish speakers do the opposite. In this study, we investigated whether this crosslinguistic difference between English and Turkish influences how the speakers of these languages perform in a non-linguistic recognition memory task. In a video description task, English speakers used more manner verbs in the main verb of sentences than Turkish speakers did. In the recognition memory task, English speakers attended more strongly than Turkish speakers did to path of motion. English and Turkish speakers attended equally to manner of motion, however, providing no support for the linguistic relativity hypothesis.
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Date Issued
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2013
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3362478
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Subject Headings
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Psycholinguistics, Computational neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Context effects (Psychology), Transference (Psychology), Motion segmentation
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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The nature of elementary students' science discourse and conceptual learning.
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Creator
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Parks, Melissa Y., College of Education, Department of Curriculum, Culture, and Educational Inquiry
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Abstract/Description
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This qualitative study examined the nature of 5th-grade students' oral and written discourse in relation to their conceptual learning during six science inquiry-based lessons. Qualitative data were collected using small group observations, transcriptions of small group discourse, students' science notebooks, and student interviews. These data were used to create an in-depth illustration of 5th-grade students' discourse and the impact of that discourse on their science conceptual learning....
Show moreThis qualitative study examined the nature of 5th-grade students' oral and written discourse in relation to their conceptual learning during six science inquiry-based lessons. Qualitative data were collected using small group observations, transcriptions of small group discourse, students' science notebooks, and student interviews. These data were used to create an in-depth illustration of 5th-grade students' discourse and the impact of that discourse on their science conceptual learning. Findings indicated students spoke in three main discourse classifications during small group inquiries and two of these discourses were also present in the science notebook entries. Findings further indicated gender did not impact the nature of students' oral or written discourse regarding their conceptual learning. Implications for classroom practice and suggestions for further research in elementary science education are offered.
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Date Issued
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2011
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3318675
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Subject Headings
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Science, Study and teaching (Elementary), Learning, Psychology of, Cognition in children
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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The Role of Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Motor Control.
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Creator
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Asemi, Avisa, Bressler, Steven L., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
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Abstract/Description
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We sought to better understand human motor control by investigating functional interactions between the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA), dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC), and primary motor cortex (M1) in healthy adolescent participants performing visually coordinated unimanual finger-movement and n-back working memory tasks. We discovered modulation of the SMA by the dACC by analysis of fMRI BOLD time series recorded from the three ROIs (SMA, dACC, and M1) in each participant. Two...
Show moreWe sought to better understand human motor control by investigating functional interactions between the Supplementary Motor Area (SMA), dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC), and primary motor cortex (M1) in healthy adolescent participants performing visually coordinated unimanual finger-movement and n-back working memory tasks. We discovered modulation of the SMA by the dACC by analysis of fMRI BOLD time series recorded from the three ROIs (SMA, dACC, and M1) in each participant. Two measures of functional interaction were used: undirected functional connectivity was measured using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PMCC), and directed functional connectivity was measured from linear autoregressive (AR) models. In the first project, task-specific modulation of the SMA by the dACC was discovered while subjects performed a coordinated unimanual finger-movement task, in which the finger movement was synchronized with an exogenous visual stimulus. In the second project, modulation of the SMA by the dACC was found to be significantly greater in the finger coordination task than in an n-back working memory, in which the same finger movement signified a motor response indicating a 0-back or 2-back working memory match. We thus demonstrated in the first study that the dACC sends task-specific directed signals to the supplementary motor area, suggesting a role for the dACC in top-down motor control. Finally, the second study revealed that these signals were significantly greater in the coordinated motor task than in the n-back working memory task, suggesting that the modulation of the SMA by the dACC was associated with sustained, continuous motor production and/or motor expectation, rather than with the motor movement itself.
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Date Issued
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2015
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004478
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Subject Headings
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Brain mapping, Cerebral cortex -- Anatomy, Cognitive neuroscience, Computational neuroscience, Movement sequences, Perceptual motor learning, Sensorimotor integration
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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The Effects of a Brief Culturally Tailored Thai Mindfulness Intervention on Stress, Anxiety, and Mindfulness in Thai Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities.
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Creator
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Petcharat, Manika, Liehr, Patricia, Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
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Abstract/Description
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Parents of children with developmental disabilities (DDs) often suffer from psychological distress stemming from their children’s behavioral problems. One cause of distress is their challenge to accept their children’s illnesses mindfully. A culturally tailored and readily accessible mindfulness intervention may increase mindfulness and reduce distress. Also, there were insufficient studies regarding culturally relevant mindfulness trainings that have been conducted in Thailand. Therefore, a...
Show moreParents of children with developmental disabilities (DDs) often suffer from psychological distress stemming from their children’s behavioral problems. One cause of distress is their challenge to accept their children’s illnesses mindfully. A culturally tailored and readily accessible mindfulness intervention may increase mindfulness and reduce distress. Also, there were insufficient studies regarding culturally relevant mindfulness trainings that have been conducted in Thailand. Therefore, a Brief Culturally Tailored Thai Mindfulness intervention (BCTTMi) was developed, merging the work of Jon Kabat-Zinn with Buddhist philosophy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the BCTTMi on stress, anxiety, and mindfulness in these parents. An experimental waitlist control crossover design with the 2-weekend BCTTMi was employed in 22 Thai parents and caregivers of children with DDs. They were all Thais and Buddhists; more than half had practiced meditation. They completed three Thai-version questionnaires: (a) the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form-4th edition; (b) the State Anxiety Inventory-Form-Y-1; and (c) the Mindfulness Assessment Scale, at three measurements (baseline, posttest, and two-week follow-up). Repeated measure ANOVA analyses were used to analyze data. The findings showed that anxiety significantly decreased from baseline to posttest, and mindfulness significantly increased with the BCTTMi. Nevertheless, stress did not significantly reduce over time, and change between intervention and control conditions did not differ for anxiety level. Moreover, there were no differences in any outcomes from posttest to two-week follow-up. In spite of Buddhist homogeneity of participants and sustained stress, mindfulness increased, and anxiety decreased following the BCTTMi. These findings indicate the feasibility of tailoring the mindfulness-based training to specific cultures and its usefulness as an efficient option for parents and caregivers of children with DDs. Further studies regarding the BCTTMi are warranted in broader populations and settings.
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Date Issued
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2018
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013130
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Subject Headings
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Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, Parents of developmentally disabled children, Culturally Competent Care, Thais
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Validating music therapy and its effectiveness in treating brain disorders: the role of emotions in music and in therapy.
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Creator
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Hurley, Kristin Renee., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Music
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Abstract/Description
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The success of the music therapy profession has been well established, though the healing properties of music are not yet fully understood. Clinical observations show the medicinal value of music therapy; however, it is challenging to quantify music's beneficial effects. Examining music therapy's effectiveness in treating neurological disorders can possibly help to better validate this profession. However, music therapy is a multidisciplinary field, and perhaps we must come to a better...
Show moreThe success of the music therapy profession has been well established, though the healing properties of music are not yet fully understood. Clinical observations show the medicinal value of music therapy; however, it is challenging to quantify music's beneficial effects. Examining music therapy's effectiveness in treating neurological disorders can possibly help to better validate this profession. However, music therapy is a multidisciplinary field, and perhaps we must come to a better understanding of how the various disciplines relate to one another. Music has the power to modulate our emotions. Neurological studies involving music therapy might help to uncover the connection between our emotional states and our physical health. To truly understand the success of music therapy, we must further study the role of emotions in the healing process. Future examinations of the emotional factor in music therapy may hold the key to a better understanding of how music affects us.
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Date Issued
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2008
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/165942
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Subject Headings
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Music, Psychological aspects, Cognitive neuroscience, Healing, Psychological aspects, Medicine and psychology, Mind and body
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Format
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Document (PDF)
Pages