Current Search: Cognition (x)
Pages
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Title
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The development of math strategies in a sociocultural context.
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Creator
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Hubertz, Martha J., Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Current studies are rapidly investigating strategy choice on tasks such as math and reading that children encounter in day to day life; it follows that strategy development should also be examined in the naturalistic settings where children actually perform these tasks. From a sociocultural learning perspective, we examined five year old children's arithmetic strategy use, in a game context, with the most likely of mentors for a young child, his or her parents. Children played three games of...
Show moreCurrent studies are rapidly investigating strategy choice on tasks such as math and reading that children encounter in day to day life; it follows that strategy development should also be examined in the naturalistic settings where children actually perform these tasks. From a sociocultural learning perspective, we examined five year old children's arithmetic strategy use, in a game context, with the most likely of mentors for a young child, his or her parents. Children played three games of a modified version of "Chutes and Ladders" with one of their parents. Children's strategy use and parents' behavior were coded and analyzed. Results indicate that parents usually provided appropriate support to their children, providing more direction and assistance to the children who required them, and less to those who did not.
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Date Issued
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1999
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15731
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Subject Headings
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Mathematical ability, Problem solving in children, Cognition in children
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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The development of the concept of self as measured by a cognitive task.
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Creator
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Lyon, Katharine Vinelle, Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F.
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Abstract/Description
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The development of the concept of self was measured in second, fourth, sixth, and eighth graders. Recall of psychological and physical adjectives were used as a cognitive measure of the concept of self. The adjectives were presented under three conditions (self referent, semantic, and control). The children also asked to rate the adjectives for similarity or dissimilarity to themselves. Differences between grades for levels of recall for physical versus psychological adjectives were examined....
Show moreThe development of the concept of self was measured in second, fourth, sixth, and eighth graders. Recall of psychological and physical adjectives were used as a cognitive measure of the concept of self. The adjectives were presented under three conditions (self referent, semantic, and control). The children also asked to rate the adjectives for similarity or dissimilarity to themselves. Differences between grades for levels of recall for physical versus psychological adjectives were examined. In contrast to earlier research, a developmental trend was not discovered. Increased recall was found for adjectives presented under the self referent condition for all grades.
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Date Issued
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1990
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14599
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Subject Headings
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Self-perception in children, Cognition in children
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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The development of utilization deficiencies in a sort/recall memory task.
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Creator
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Coyle, Thomas Roger., Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F.
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Abstract/Description
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The development and correlates of utilization deficiencies in second-, third-, and fourth-graders were examined in two separate testing sessions, separated by a one-week interval. In the first session, children received a series of tests assessing self-attributions, metamemory, and intelligence. These factors were proposed to influence the development of utilization deficiencies. In the second session, children were given five sort/recall trials using a different list of categorically related...
Show moreThe development and correlates of utilization deficiencies in second-, third-, and fourth-graders were examined in two separate testing sessions, separated by a one-week interval. In the first session, children received a series of tests assessing self-attributions, metamemory, and intelligence. These factors were proposed to influence the development of utilization deficiencies. In the second session, children were given five sort/recall trials using a different list of categorically related words on each trial and then classified as utilizationally deficient according to their patterns of strategy use and recall over trials. Analysis of mean levels of recall and strategy use demonstrated utilization deficiencies for third graders. Analysis of data for individual subjects revealed that utilization deficiencies were associated with enhanced performance for second and third graders, but lower performance for fourth graders. Attributions of effort were found to be associated with utilization deficiencies for the third graders. The nonsignificant associations of intelligence and metamemory with utilization deficiencies are discussed in terms of domain specific cognition.
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Date Issued
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1993
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14964
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Subject Headings
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Cognition in children, Memory in children, Recollection (Psychology)
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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An examination of the Kolb LSI and GEFT and their relationship to academic achievement in Web-based and face-to-face nursing courses.
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Creator
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Musgrove, Ann Terrill., Florida Atlantic University, Bryan, Valerie
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Abstract/Description
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Technological advances in computer systems have made the computer a valuable educational tool to both instructors and students. Web-based learning (WBL) is a relatively new instructional delivery mode which is rapidly becoming a staple at all levels of education. Critical shortage areas such as nursing should be able to use properly supported web-based education successfully to help address this shortage. Instructors need to create this support by presenting learning materials in a variety of...
Show moreTechnological advances in computer systems have made the computer a valuable educational tool to both instructors and students. Web-based learning (WBL) is a relatively new instructional delivery mode which is rapidly becoming a staple at all levels of education. Critical shortage areas such as nursing should be able to use properly supported web-based education successfully to help address this shortage. Instructors need to create this support by presenting learning materials in a variety of ways to allow learners choices that can match their Cognitive Styles (CS). This study was designed to determine the relationship between students' CS as measured by the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and the Witkin Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) and academic achievement in web-based and face-to-face nursing courses. Knowledge about different CS could assist students, administrators, and instructors to determine the best instructional delivery mode. Properly applied knowledge of individual learning styles could lead to greater academic achievement. This study is divided into two parts and took place in the years 2000--2002. In study one, the Kolb LSI was administered to 153 non-randomly selected nursing students in either web-based or face-to-face classes. Academic achievement was measured as a percentage of total points. No significant difference was found when comparing academic achievement and instructional delivery modes. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference between Kolb learning styles (p < .05). Convergers had higher final mean scores in both face-to-face and web-based classes than either Assimilators or Accommodators. In study two, the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) was administered to 108 non-randomly selected nursing students enrolled in either web-based or face-to-face classes. No significant difference was found between GEFT scores and academic achievement or between GEFT scores and instructional delivery mode. The field of CS research would benefit from a continued effort towards examination, organization and consensus of the large numbers of labels and types. Future research should examine other populations. Longitudinal studies should be undertaken to determine the stability of CS. Other education focused CS instruments should be used to examine the relationship to learner achievement.
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Date Issued
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2002
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/11996
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Subject Headings
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Cognitive styles, Academic achievement, Nursing--Computer-assisted instruction
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Memory Narrowing and Thematic Arousal: The Effect of Negative Emotion on Memory for Event Details.
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Creator
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Curtayne, Eileen, Kersten, Alan, Florida Atlantic University
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Abstract/Description
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Laney, Campbell, Heuer, and Reisberg (2004) proposed that the preferential recall of central relative to peripheral information in a negative event (known as "memory narrowing") is the product of presenting participants with a visually arousing attention magnet -- not negative emotion, as the Easterbrook ( 1959) hypothesis suggests. Laney et al. used conceptually meaningful (or thematically arousing) events to stimulate an emotional response in participants instead of visual arousal and found...
Show moreLaney, Campbell, Heuer, and Reisberg (2004) proposed that the preferential recall of central relative to peripheral information in a negative event (known as "memory narrowing") is the product of presenting participants with a visually arousing attention magnet -- not negative emotion, as the Easterbrook ( 1959) hypothesis suggests. Laney et al. used conceptually meaningful (or thematically arousing) events to stimulate an emotional response in participants instead of visual arousal and found evidence that negative arousal improves memory for all categories of details. The current study tested Laney et al. 's theory that a visually arousing stimulus, rather than negative arousal, is responsible for memory nan·owing as well as their position that negative arousal benefits recall of both central and peripheral information. Support was found for both assertions of Laney et al. The presence of a visually salient and emotionally provoking detail produced an effect similar to the traditional memory narrowing pattem and exposure to the negative thematic climax resulted in improved memory performance for all the detail categories. However, this latter effect was observed only for the female participants. No evidence was found to support the Easterbrook hypothesis.
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Date Issued
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2007
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000850
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Subject Headings
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Eyewitness identification--Psychological aspects, Memory--Research, Cognitive neuroscience
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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A Hebbian characterization of mismatch negativity.
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Creator
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Starratt, Gerene K., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Mismatch Negativity (MMN) is a component of the event-related potential (ERP) that is associated with the detection of novel stimuli in one's environment. Naatanen has suggested that a neural template theory provides the best explanation of the mechanism that underlies this psychophysiological phenomenon. The purpose of the present project was to propose that a Hebbian model of cell-assemblies (Hebb, 1949) provides a plausible competing theory of MMN. A Hebbian model is consistent with the...
Show moreMismatch Negativity (MMN) is a component of the event-related potential (ERP) that is associated with the detection of novel stimuli in one's environment. Naatanen has suggested that a neural template theory provides the best explanation of the mechanism that underlies this psychophysiological phenomenon. The purpose of the present project was to propose that a Hebbian model of cell-assemblies (Hebb, 1949) provides a plausible competing theory of MMN. A Hebbian model is consistent with the evidence provided by imaging studies that demonstrate increased neural efficiency in learning cognitive (as opposed to skilled motor) tasks and with recent animal studies in an analogous model. This model suggests three hypotheses which were addressed by the present study. First, it is proposed that the method that is traditionally used to calculate MMN may not be the ideal. Specifically, it is proposed that the baseline measure used in the calculation does not yield optimal MMN data and the present experiment investigated a new method of gathering baseline data. Second, it was hypothesized that an investigation of sequence effects related to standard and deviant stimuli in an oddball paradigm would provide further support for a Hebbian reinterpretation of MMN. Finally, the argument is made that a Hebbian model of MMN garners additional support in terms of parsimony and ecological validity in addition to being consistent with our current understanding of the physiological underpinnings of learning phenomena. Results indicate that the new method of calculating MMN does, indeed, provide a more robust measure of MMN. Furthermore, sequence effects were demonstrated for both the standard and deviant stimuli, however the sequence effects observed in standard stimuli were not in the expected direction. Both practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Date Issued
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1998
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12561
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Subject Headings
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Biology, Neuroscience, Psychology, Psychometrics, Psychology, Cognitive, Psychology, Physiological
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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THE EFFECTS OF CBT ON PERFECTIONISM, HELP-SEEKING, NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY, AND SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING ON EARLY COLLEGE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS.
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Creator
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Bendit, Arielle L., Mariani, Melissa, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Counselor Education, College of Education
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Abstract/Description
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The purpose of the current study was to examine differences in multidimensional perfectionism, help-seeking, negative affectivity, and social-emotional well-being between grade 9 to 12 early college high school students who received the modified version of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perfectionism (CBT-P) small group counseling intervention (Egan et al., 2014a) and grade 9 to 12 early college high school students in the comparison group who did not receive the intervention. Masters-level...
Show moreThe purpose of the current study was to examine differences in multidimensional perfectionism, help-seeking, negative affectivity, and social-emotional well-being between grade 9 to 12 early college high school students who received the modified version of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Perfectionism (CBT-P) small group counseling intervention (Egan et al., 2014a) and grade 9 to 12 early college high school students in the comparison group who did not receive the intervention. Masters-level counselors in training (CIT) implemented CBT-P with early college high school students after being trained in the use of the program and other study-related procedures. The study followed a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent pre-post design and employed various self-report measures (DASS-21, SEHS-S, CAPS, and GHSQ). A series of ANCOVA analyses were conducted to determine statistically significant differences between the treatment and comparison groups. The researcher reported partial eta squared ŋp2 effect size for each independent variable. Results of the study revealed a statistically significant difference in negative affectivity and self-oriented perfectionism between the treatment and the comparison group. However, no statistically significant difference, by treatment condition, was found regarding participants’ socially prescribed perfectionism, help-seeking intentions, or social-emotional well-being. The modified CBT-P treatment has found large effects (ŋp2 = .219) in reducing negative affectivity as measured by the DASS-21 and medium to large effects (ŋp2 = .115) in reducing self-oriented perfectionism. This study provided clinical support for using the modified CBT-P small group intervention (Shafran et al., 2002) in early college high schools to decrease negative affectivity and perfectionism in students. Furthermore, the study further supports the importance of building social-emotional wellness to improve students’ mental health. Finally, it highlights the need for future research to determine the impact of perfectionism and small group interventions on early college high school students’ mental health, wellbeing, and help-seeking behaviors.
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Date Issued
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2022
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013980
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Subject Headings
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, High school students, Perfectionism, Educational counseling
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Children's adaptave strategies in a tool use task.
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Creator
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Weinstein, Allison., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Problem solving and strategy adaptation was assessed in 47 children ranging from 36 to 67 months. This was evaluated through problem sets in which participants were given tools that failed to reach given goal states, and then instructed to select appropriate tools in order to reach desired results. Analyses revealed that when participants were given a choice of tools to solve a given problem, they were more likely to select a correct tool when options were similar in function and appearance....
Show moreProblem solving and strategy adaptation was assessed in 47 children ranging from 36 to 67 months. This was evaluated through problem sets in which participants were given tools that failed to reach given goal states, and then instructed to select appropriate tools in order to reach desired results. Analyses revealed that when participants were given a choice of tools to solve a given problem, they were more likely to select a correct tool when options were similar in function and appearance. Additionally, participants were more likely to verbalize the need for a new tool when there was a lack of novel tool choices. However, the presence of a novel tool choice was linked to longer problem solving time. Findings are congruent with literature that suggests children possess the ability to select tools based on functional, not superficial, qualities, and can be easily distracted by the presence of novel stimuli.
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Date Issued
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2012
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3356896
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Subject Headings
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Learning, Psychology of, Educational tests and measurements, Cognition in children, Cognitive styles in children, Human information processing in children, Individual differences in children
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Developing mechanisms of self-regulation: an integrative perspective.
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Creator
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Kadin-Pessoa, Aviva R., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Parents' and children's behaviors are intricately woven together over the course of development. Consequently it is difficulty to determine the sources of influence predicting socially and academically oriented outcomes. Research from several developmental fields suggests that developing mechanisms of attention during the preschool years is crucial for both emotional and cognitive control. The current study shows that parental responsive behavior is important in understanding the development...
Show moreParents' and children's behaviors are intricately woven together over the course of development. Consequently it is difficulty to determine the sources of influence predicting socially and academically oriented outcomes. Research from several developmental fields suggests that developing mechanisms of attention during the preschool years is crucial for both emotional and cognitive control. The current study shows that parental responsive behavior is important in understanding the development of voluntary attention. More specifically, the results suggest that parental awareness, assessed utilizing their perceptions of attentive temperament is an important factor in predicting their own behavior and the developmental outcomes of their children.
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Date Issued
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2010
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2705084
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Subject Headings
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Parent and child, Attachment behavior in childhood, Family, Psychological aspects, Emotions and cognition, Cognition in children, Human information processing, Attribution (Social psychology)
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Age-related changes in executive function and the influence of processing speed.
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Creator
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Jurado Noboa, Maria Beatriz., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Healthy aging has been associated with declines in executive functioning (EF) but it remains unclear how different subprocesses of EF are affected by age and by other possibly mediating variables. The principal aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of age and processing speed on three executive functions: set-shifting, planning, and attentional control. Four age groups (20-29 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and 80-89 years) were compared on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ...
Show moreHealthy aging has been associated with declines in executive functioning (EF) but it remains unclear how different subprocesses of EF are affected by age and by other possibly mediating variables. The principal aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of age and processing speed on three executive functions: set-shifting, planning, and attentional control. Four age groups (20-29 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and 80-89 years) were compared on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the DKEFS Tower Test, the Conner's Continuous Performance Test, and a Letter comparison test of processing speed. Results suggested that increased age was associated with decreased performance on most of the studied executive measures, but not all EF are equally affected by age. A slowdown in processing speed mediates some, but not all, decrements in executive performance. The results are interpreted in light of recent neuroimaging data on age-related changes in brain functioning.
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Date Issued
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2009
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/187213
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Subject Headings
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Aging, Psychological aspects, Cognitive psychology, Memory disorders in old age, Ability, Influence of age on, Context effects (Psychology), Cognition, Age factors
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Keeping an eye on cheaters: cognitive and social determinates of successful deontic reasoning in preschool children.
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Creator
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Sellers, Patrick D. II, Bjorklund, David F., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Deontic reasoning is a domain of reasoning concerning permissions, obligations, and prohibitions founded on conditional logic (Wason,1968). The inclusion of a social valence to deontic rules leads to increased rule violation identification in both adults (Cosmides & Tooby, 1992) and children (Harris & Nunez, 1996), suggesting an evolutionary advantage for a specific class of reasoning known as “cheater-detection” (Fiddick, 2004). The current investigation is the first attempt to understand...
Show moreDeontic reasoning is a domain of reasoning concerning permissions, obligations, and prohibitions founded on conditional logic (Wason,1968). The inclusion of a social valence to deontic rules leads to increased rule violation identification in both adults (Cosmides & Tooby, 1992) and children (Harris & Nunez, 1996), suggesting an evolutionary advantage for a specific class of reasoning known as “cheater-detection” (Fiddick, 2004). The current investigation is the first attempt to understand the cognitive and social variables that account for children’s logical reasoning advantage in social violation situations.
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Date Issued
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2015
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004464
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Subject Headings
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Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Deontic logic, Developmental psychology, Judgment (Ethics), Judgment in children, Moral development, Moral motivation, Practical reason, Reasoning in children
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Investigation of human visual spatial attention with fMRI and Granger Causality analysis.
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Creator
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Tang, Wei, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
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Abstract/Description
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Contemporary understanding of human visual spatial attention rests on the hypothesis of a top-down control sending from cortical regions carrying higher-level functions to sensory regions. Evidence has been gathered through functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiments. The Frontal Eye Field (FEF) and IntraParietal Sulcus (IPS) are candidates proposed to form the frontoparietal attention network for top-down control. In this work we examined the influence patterns between...
Show moreContemporary understanding of human visual spatial attention rests on the hypothesis of a top-down control sending from cortical regions carrying higher-level functions to sensory regions. Evidence has been gathered through functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiments. The Frontal Eye Field (FEF) and IntraParietal Sulcus (IPS) are candidates proposed to form the frontoparietal attention network for top-down control. In this work we examined the influence patterns between frontoparietal network and Visual Occipital Cortex (VOC) using a statistical measure, Granger Causality (GC), with fMRI data acquired from subjects participated in a covert attention task. We found a directional asymmetry in GC between FEF/IPS and VOC, and further identified retinotopically specific control patterns in top-down GC. This work may lead to deeper understanding of goal-directed attention, as well as the application of GC to analyzing higher-level cognitive functions in healthy functioning human brain.
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Date Issued
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2011
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3334101
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Subject Headings
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Attention, Physiological aspects, Cognitive neuroscience, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Sensorimotor integration, Movement sequences, Human information processing, Cognitive psychology, Visual perception, Testing
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Recognizing Functional Decline in Persons with MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment).
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Creator
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Powers-Jarvis, Robin Story, Tappen, Ruth M., Florida Atlantic University, Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing
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Abstract/Description
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Although not all persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) go on to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), MCI is recognized as an early stage of AD. The effects of AD are devastating to all concerned. Research has identified that recognition of AD in its earliest stages and institution of known treatment modalities can forestall the ultimate outcome. Identification of the first subtle signs of MCI can assist in the recognition of this prodromal phase, and allow for institution of therapy while...
Show moreAlthough not all persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) go on to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), MCI is recognized as an early stage of AD. The effects of AD are devastating to all concerned. Research has identified that recognition of AD in its earliest stages and institution of known treatment modalities can forestall the ultimate outcome. Identification of the first subtle signs of MCI can assist in the recognition of this prodromal phase, and allow for institution of therapy while still in the initial stages. Unfortunately, the development of MCI is insidious in nature, thus making it difficult to detect. The purpose of this study was to identify areas of functional decline that occur in MCI in an effort to improve its early identification. A mixed-methods design that combined qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Fifty-three participants with memory complaints were interviewed using a semi structured interview technique with open-ended questions, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and a list of eighty-five items previously identified as indicative of functional decline. Twenty-nine persons were divided into two groups: 1) those identified as probable MCI (consensus diagnosis) (n=15) and possible MCI (based on screening examination) (n=14) and 2) those identified as Normal (no cognitive impairment) (n=10), and their subjective functional deficits compared. The findings suggest that there were certain areas of functional decline more commonly experienced by persons in the MCI group than by unimpaired. These include difficulty recalling details of information and forgetting conversations. There were also other changes identified, such as adaptations on the part of persons with MCI (an increased dependence on memory aids, for example, lists and calendars) and a dec rease in social activities leading to an increase in social isolation. Additionally identified were functional activities that appear to remain intact in persons with early MCI. This study highlights the subtlety with which MCI assaults the functional abilities of individuals, thus making its early identification problematic. The results of this study will contribute by providing information that will help professionals who are assessing persons experiencing memory issues for the possible presence of MCI. Additionally, it is hoped that these findings will assist in the development of a measurement tool designed to assess for possible MCI.
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Date Issued
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2015
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004536
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Subject Headings
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Alzheimer's disease -- Diagnosis, Amnestic mild cognitive impairment -- Diagnosis, Dementia -- Diagnosis, Memory disorders in old age -- Diagnosis, Mild cognitive impairment -- Diagnosis
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Ethnicity, Education, and Linguistic Effects on Verbal Fluency Tasks in American Elders.
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Creator
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Zoller, Yaron Joseph, Rosselli, Monica, Florida Atlantic University
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Abstract/Description
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Educational level affects various neuropsychological measures including performance on verbal fluency tasks. It is still unclear how this effect may differ across the different types of fluency tasks (i.e. animals,fruits, vegetables and clothing) and across American ethnic groups (Hispanics, Europeans, Africans, and African Carib beans) using different languages (English and Spanish). Using a sample of 140 normal elder Americans (ages 57 to 88; 38M/ 102F) divided into two education groups (7...
Show moreEducational level affects various neuropsychological measures including performance on verbal fluency tasks. It is still unclear how this effect may differ across the different types of fluency tasks (i.e. animals,fruits, vegetables and clothing) and across American ethnic groups (Hispanics, Europeans, Africans, and African Carib beans) using different languages (English and Spanish). Using a sample of 140 normal elder Americans (ages 57 to 88; 38M/ 102F) divided into two education groups (7-11 and> 12 years of education), results showed strong association with performance for education on the categories fruits and clothing and for ethnicity on the total items generated and number of switches for vegetables. Differences between Spanish and English speakers were found for the fruits category. Results suggest that the animal category is the best one to be used to reduce potential effects of education in individuals with more than 7 years of education.
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Date Issued
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2008
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00000857
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Subject Headings
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Educational tests and measurements, Cognition--Social aspects, Cognition--Age factors, Neuropsychology--Cross-cultural studies, Ethnopsychology--Cross-cultural studies
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Verb acquisition and generalization strategies of preschool children.
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Creator
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Pruzansky, Rita, Earles, Julie, Kersten, Alan
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Date Issued
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2012-04-06
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3350924
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Subject Headings
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Child development, Cognitive grammar, Language acquisition --Age factors, Language arts (Early childhood), Psycholinguistics, Children --Language
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Levels of personal agency: individual variation in action identification.
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Creator
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Vallacher, Robin R., Wegner, Daniel M.
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Date Issued
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1989
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/2796508
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Subject Headings
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Intentionalism., Agent(Philosophy)., Motivation (Psychology) --Social aspects., Social psychology., Personality and cognition.
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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You should be ashamed of yourself: a study of moral development and moral emotion.
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Creator
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Bright, Justin., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
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Abstract/Description
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Research on Kohlberg's theory of moral development has examined moral development by examining individuals' justice operations. However, how the moral emotions are related to moral development has been neglected. In a sample of mostly undergraduates (N=53), moral development (measured using an index of higher-level moral reasoning and one of reasoning consistency from the Defining Issues Test) and the moral emotions of guilt, shame, empathy, and self-esteem were measured. Shame was positively...
Show moreResearch on Kohlberg's theory of moral development has examined moral development by examining individuals' justice operations. However, how the moral emotions are related to moral development has been neglected. In a sample of mostly undergraduates (N=53), moral development (measured using an index of higher-level moral reasoning and one of reasoning consistency from the Defining Issues Test) and the moral emotions of guilt, shame, empathy, and self-esteem were measured. Shame was positively related to higher moral reasoning (r=.26, p<.10); guilt was not (r=-.02, ns). Empathy was also positively correlated with higher moral reasoning (r=.19). Moral consistency was positively related to shame (r=.31, p<.05) and guilt (r=.32, p<.05). Existential theory was used to explain the differentiation between shame and guilt in their correlations with higher moral reasoning. The correlations between moral consistency and guilt and between moral consistency and shame are discussed with respect to the inhibitive nature of shame and guilt.
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Date Issued
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2008
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/77659
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Subject Headings
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Moral development, Social ethics, Emotions, Moral and ethical aspects, Emotions and cognition
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Own-age bias and memory for events.
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Creator
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Boutté, Danielle L., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
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Abstract/Description
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Event memory studies have shown that older adults typically have poorer memories for events than do younger adults. Unfortunately, these studies tested memory for events that contained only young adults as the actors. It could be that the younger adults remembered the events better due to an own-age bias. One particular type of event memory error is called unconscious transference. In unconscious transference, a binding error results in false conjunction memories. Several studies have shown...
Show moreEvent memory studies have shown that older adults typically have poorer memories for events than do younger adults. Unfortunately, these studies tested memory for events that contained only young adults as the actors. It could be that the younger adults remembered the events better due to an own-age bias. One particular type of event memory error is called unconscious transference. In unconscious transference, a binding error results in false conjunction memories. Several studies have shown that older adults are more likely to make these errors. This study aims to look more closely at the effects of own-age bias on face recognition and conjunction errors made in memory for events. Younger adults were tested on their memory for both younger and older adults seen performing simple actions in video clips as well as in "mug shot" photograph tests.
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Date Issued
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2008
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/77658
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Subject Headings
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Transference (Psychology), Recollection (Psychology), Cognition, Age factors, Face perception, Eyewitness identification, Age factors
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Behavioral and Electrophysiological Properties of Nucleus Reuniens: Role in Arousal, Spatial Navigation and Cognitive Processes.
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Creator
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Viena, Tatiana Danela, Vertes, Robert P., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
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Abstract/Description
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The hippocampal-medial prefrontal circuit has been shown to serve a critical role in decision making and goal directed actions. While the hippocampus (HF) exerts a direct influence on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), there are no direct return projections from the mPFC to the HF. The nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus is strongly reciprocally connected with the HF and mPFC and represents the major link between these structures. We investigated the role of RE in functions...
Show moreThe hippocampal-medial prefrontal circuit has been shown to serve a critical role in decision making and goal directed actions. While the hippocampus (HF) exerts a direct influence on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), there are no direct return projections from the mPFC to the HF. The nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus is strongly reciprocally connected with the HF and mPFC and represents the major link between these structures. We investigated the role of RE in functions associated with the hippocampus and the mPFC -- or their interactions. Using two different inactivation techniques (pharmacological and chemogenetic), we sought to further define the role of RE in spatial working memory (SWM) and behavioral flexibility using a modified delayed non-match to sample (DNMS) working memory task. We found that the reversible inactivation of RE with muscimol critically impaired SWM performance, abolished well-established spatial strategies and produced a profound inability to correct non-rewarded, incorrect choices on the T-maze (perseverative responding). We observed similar impairments in SWM following the chemogenetic (DREADDs) inactivation of RE or selective RE projections to the ventral HF. In addition, we showed that the inhibition of RE terminals to the dorsal or ventral HF altered task related behaviors by increasing or decreasing the time to initiate the task or reach the reward, respectively. Finally, we examined discharge properties of RE cells across sleep-wake states in behaving rats. We found that the majority of RE cells discharge at high rates of activity in waking and REM and at significantly reduced rates in SWS, with a subpopulation firing rhythmically in bursts during SWS. We identified five distinct subtypes of RE cells that discharged differently across vigilant states; those firing at highest rates in waking (W1, W2), in REM sleep (R1, R2) and SWS (S1). Given the differential patterns of activity of these cells, we proposed they may serve distinct functions in waking – and possibly in SWS/REM sleep. In sum, our findings indicate that RE is critically involved in mnemonic and executive functions and the heterogeneous activity of these cells support a role for RE in arousal/attention, spatial working memory and cognition.
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Date Issued
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2018
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013139
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Subject Headings
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Midline Thalamic Nuclei, Hippocampus, Prefrontal cortex, Neural pathways, Arousal (Physiology), Space Perception, Cognition
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Brain dynamics and behavioral basis of a higher level cognitive task: number comparison.
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Creator
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Ballan, Meltem., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
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Abstract/Description
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Number perception, its neural basis and its relationship to how numerical stimuli are presented have been challenging research topics in cognitive neuroscience for many years. A primary question that has been addressed is whether the perception of the quantity of a visually presented number stimulus is dissociable from its early visual perception. The present study examined the possible influence of visual quality judgment on quantity judgments of numbers. To address this issue, volunteer...
Show moreNumber perception, its neural basis and its relationship to how numerical stimuli are presented have been challenging research topics in cognitive neuroscience for many years. A primary question that has been addressed is whether the perception of the quantity of a visually presented number stimulus is dissociable from its early visual perception. The present study examined the possible influence of visual quality judgment on quantity judgments of numbers. To address this issue, volunteer adult subjects performed a mental number comparison task in which two-digit stimulus numbers (Arabic number format), among the numbers between 31 and 99 were mentally compared to a memorized reference number, 65. Reaction times (RTs) and neurophysiological (i.e. electroencephalographic (EEG) data) responses were acquired simultaneously during performance of the two-digit number comparison task. In this particular quantity comparison task, the number stimuli were classified into three distance factors. That is, numbers were a close, medium or far distance from the reference number (i.e., 65). In order to evaluate the relationship between numerical stimulus quantity and quality, the number stimuli were embedded in varying degrees of a typical visual noise form, known as "salt and pepper noise" (e.g., the visual noise one perceives when viewing a photograph taken with a dusty camera lens). In this manner, the visual noise permitted visual quality to be manipulated across three levels: no noise, medium noise (approximately 60% degraded visual quality from nonoise), and dense noise (75% degraded visual quality from no-noise)., The RTs provided the information about the overt responses; however, the temporal relationship of visual quality (starts earlier than quantity perception) and quantity were examined using eventrelated potentials (ERPs) extracted from continuous EEG recordings. The analysis of the RTs revealed that the judgment of number quantity is dependent upon visual number quality. In addition, the same effect was observed over the ERP components occurring between 100 ms and 300 ms after stimulus onset time over the posterior electrodes. Principal components analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) methods were used to further analyze the ERP data. The consistent results of the PCA and ICA were used to represent the spatial brain dynamics, as well as to obtain temporal dynamics. The overall conclusion of the present study is that ERPs, ICs and PCs along with RTs suggested a strategy of quantitative perception (i.e., number comparison) based on the qualitative attributes of the stimuli highlighting the importance of the design of the task and the methodology
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Date Issued
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2010
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2867328
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Subject Headings
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Cognitive neuroscience, Learning, Physiological aspects, Visual perception, Information visualization, Mathematics, Philosophy
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Format
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Document (PDF)
Pages