Current Search: Cognition (x)
Pages
-
-
Title
-
Accuracy of child event frequency reports.
-
Creator
-
Dirghangi, Shrija R., Laursen, Brett, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
-
Abstract/Description
-
The current study assessed whether the accuracy of children’s self-reports of events experienced differs as a function of age and how the question is asked. Additional factors like metamemory and distractibility were assessed. Primary-school students (M= 7.7 years) and middle-school students (M = 9.7 years) completed two different versions of an event frequency measure, two times, at one week intervals. In one of the measures of event frequency, no memory prompts were provided (uncued...
Show moreThe current study assessed whether the accuracy of children’s self-reports of events experienced differs as a function of age and how the question is asked. Additional factors like metamemory and distractibility were assessed. Primary-school students (M= 7.7 years) and middle-school students (M = 9.7 years) completed two different versions of an event frequency measure, two times, at one week intervals. In one of the measures of event frequency, no memory prompts were provided (uncued questionnaire condition), while in the other measure, recall categories for aiding recollections were provided (cued questionnaire condition). Participants’ self-reported event frequencies for the cued and uncued questionnaires were compared with trained observers’ event frequencies for the cued and uncued conditions. Older children reported event frequency more accurately than younger participants. Participants also reported events with greater accuracy with the aid of memory prompts than without, an effect that was especially strong among the younger children. Neither metamemory nor distractibility was accountable for the differences within age groups. The findings suggest that age-related improvements in accuracy of event frequency across the transition into adolescence may, in part, be due to improvements in the ability to recall and recount those events in the absence of memory cues.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2014
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004190, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004190
-
Subject Headings
-
Cognition in adolescence, Cognition in children, Memory -- Age factors, Memory in adolescence, Memory in children, Metacognition
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
The neural correlates of endogenously cued covert visuospatial attentional shifting in the cue-target interval: an electroencephalographic study.
-
Creator
-
Modestino, Edward Justin., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
-
Abstract/Description
-
This study investigated electroencephalographic differences related to cue (central left- or right-directed arrows) in a covert endogenous visual spatial attention task patterned after that of Hopf and Mangun (2000). This was done with the intent of defining the timing of components in relation to cognitive processes within the cue-target interval. Multiple techniques were employed to do this. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were examined using Independent Component Analysis. This revealed a...
Show moreThis study investigated electroencephalographic differences related to cue (central left- or right-directed arrows) in a covert endogenous visual spatial attention task patterned after that of Hopf and Mangun (2000). This was done with the intent of defining the timing of components in relation to cognitive processes within the cue-target interval. Multiple techniques were employed to do this. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were examined using Independent Component Analysis. This revealed a significant N1, between 100:200 ms post-cue, greater contralateral to the cue. Difference wave ERPs, left minus right cue-locked data, divulged significant early directing attention negativity (EDAN) at 200:400 ms post-cue in the right posterior which reversed polarity in the left posterior. Temporal spectral evolution (TSE) analysis of the alpha band revealed three stages, (1) high bilateral alpha precue to 120 ms post-cue, (2) an event related desynchronization (ERD) from approximately 120 ms: 500 ms post-cue, and (3) an event related synchronization (ERS) rebound, 500: 900 ms post-cue, where alpha amplitude, a measure of activity, was highest contralateral to the ignored hemifield and lower contralateral to the attended hemifield. Using a combination of all of these components and scientific literature in this field, it is possible to plot out the time course of the cognitive events and their neural correlates.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2009
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/369199
-
Subject Headings
-
Brain mapping, Neural networks (Neurobiology), Cognitive neuroscience, Recognition (Psychology), Cognition, Research, Methodology
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Using the symbolic expression of sand tray to kinesthetically connect to the inner cognitions of individuals diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder.
-
Creator
-
Parsons, Mindy A., Peluso, Paul R., College of Education, Department of Counselor Education
-
Abstract/Description
-
This qualitative case study investigated the impact of sand tray on individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia. Four participants successfully completed the creation of sand trays while the researcher observed, interviewed, and documented the individual sand trays. The intervention established that sand tray allows the dementia patient to kinesthetically connect to their inner cognitions through the intentional symbolic expression offered by this unique therapeutic...
Show moreThis qualitative case study investigated the impact of sand tray on individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia. Four participants successfully completed the creation of sand trays while the researcher observed, interviewed, and documented the individual sand trays. The intervention established that sand tray allows the dementia patient to kinesthetically connect to their inner cognitions through the intentional symbolic expression offered by this unique therapeutic medium. Using a series of eight sand trays of varying thematic concepts, the participants were offered a modality to facilitate a synthesization of their continued individuation, presenting a possible neural pathway to connect and express thoughts, feelings, emotions, concerns, challenges, and fears. The findings of this study include the fact that all trays were classified as “empty” and that the majority of the participants placed objects almost exclusively on the right side of the tray, which is commonly associated with the concreteor conscious side. The use of sand tray allowed each individual the opportunity to create autobiographies in the sand and literally navigate through time – past, present, and future, confronting fears, expressing hope and possibilities. The results of the research study offer insight into the psychotherapeutic effects of using sand tray with dementia patients, as well as a better understanding of the cognitive and expressive abilities and limitations of an individual with impaired memory. The results also offer insight into the difficulties with short-term memory in this population and possibly indicate a potential means for monitoring cognitive decline. Keywords: Neurocognitive disorder, Alzheimer’s, dementia, sand tray, play therapy
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2013
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA0004043
-
Subject Headings
-
Alzheimer's disease -- Treatment, Cognition disorders -- Treatment, Cognitive psychology, Play therapy, Psychodiagnostics, Sandplay -- Therapeutic use
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Selective Activation of the SK1 Subtype of Small Conductance Ca2+ Activated K+ Channels by GW542573X in C57BL6J Mice Impairs Hippocampal-dependent Memory.
-
Creator
-
Rice Kuchera, Claire A., Stackman, Robert W., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
-
Abstract/Description
-
SK channels are small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels expressed throughout the CNS. SK channels modulate the excitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons by affecting afterhyperpolarization and shaping excitatory postsynaptic responses. Such SK-mediated effects on activity-dependent neuronal excitability and synaptic strength are thought to underlie the modulatory influence of SK channels on memory encoding. Here,the effect of a new SK1 selective activator, GW542573X, on hippocampal...
Show moreSK channels are small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels expressed throughout the CNS. SK channels modulate the excitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons by affecting afterhyperpolarization and shaping excitatory postsynaptic responses. Such SK-mediated effects on activity-dependent neuronal excitability and synaptic strength are thought to underlie the modulatory influence of SK channels on memory encoding. Here,the effect of a new SK1 selective activator, GW542573X, on hippocampal-dependent object memory, contextual and cued conditioning, and trace fear conditioning was examined. The results demonstrated that pre- but not post-training systemic administration of GW542573X impaired object memory and trace fear memory in mice 24 h after training. Contextual and cued fear memory were not disrupted. These current data suggest that activation of SK1 subtype-containing SK channels impairs long-term memory. These results are consistent with converging evidence that SK channel activation suppressed behaviorally triggered synaptic plasticity necessary for encoding hippocampal-dependent memory.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2015
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004541, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004541
-
Subject Headings
-
Cellular control mechanisms, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Hippocampus (Brain), Mice as laboratory animals, Neurotransmitter receptors
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Intuitive conceptions of dead agents' minds: The natural foundations of afterlife beliefs.
-
Creator
-
Bering, Jesse Michael, Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F.
-
Abstract/Description
-
Little is known about how the minds of dead agents are represented. In Study 1, adult participants with different types of explicit afterlife beliefs were asked in an implicit interview task whether various psychological state types (psychobiological, perceptual, emotional, desire, and epistemic states), as well as pure biological imperatives (e.g., need to eat), continue after death. The results suggest that, regardless of one's explicit reports about personal consciousness after death,...
Show moreLittle is known about how the minds of dead agents are represented. In Study 1, adult participants with different types of explicit afterlife beliefs were asked in an implicit interview task whether various psychological state types (psychobiological, perceptual, emotional, desire, and epistemic states), as well as pure biological imperatives (e.g., need to eat), continue after death. The results suggest that, regardless of one's explicit reports about personal consciousness after death, those who believe in some form of life after death (and, to a certain extent, even those who do not) implicitly represent dead agents' minds in the same way: psychobiological and perceptual states cease while emotional, desire, and epistemic states continue. The findings are interpreted according to simulation constraints---because it is epistemologically impossible to know what it is like to be dead, individuals will be most likely to attribute to dead agents those types of mental states that they cannot imagine being without. In Study 2, the developmental emergence of such reasoning was investigated. In Experiment 1, 4--6-year-olds and 6--8-year-olds were asked a series of biological questions about a dead agent (e.g., "Does his brain still work?"). Even the youngest children were likely to reason that biological processes cease at death. In Experiment 2, different, similarly aged children and also a group of 10--12-year-olds were asked a series of psychological questions about a dead agent (e.g., "Does he know that he's not alive?"). The youngest children were equally likely to reason that both cognitive (e.g., knowing) and psychobiological states (e.g., hunger) continue after death, while the oldest children were more likely to reason that cognitive states continue. Finally, in Experiment 3, both children and adults were asked about a broad array of psychological states (those used in Study 1). With the exception of the youngest children (M = 5 years), who did not distinguish between any of the psychological state types, older children (M = 11-years) and adults were most likely to attribute to dead agents epistemic, emotional, and desire states, suggesting that developmentally based mechanisms underlie implicit accounts of deceased agents' minds.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2002
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/11989
-
Subject Headings
-
Future life, Children--Death--Religious aspects, Cognition and culture, Cognitive psychology
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Neuroplasticity and the developing brain: the psychophysiological effects of mindfulness meditation on school-aged children.
-
Creator
-
Worch, Sarah M., Jones, Nancy Aaron, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
-
Abstract/Description
-
Many studies have supported the overall health benefits of mindfulness meditation practices for adults, but research exploring such benefits for children is sparse. The present study explored the psychophysiological effects of mindfulness meditation over a 10 week-period on a sample of 2nd-and 4th-grade children. Electroencephalograph (EEG) asymmetry and coherence were recorded at baseline and immediately after the meditation intervention for the experimental group, and at baseline and after...
Show moreMany studies have supported the overall health benefits of mindfulness meditation practices for adults, but research exploring such benefits for children is sparse. The present study explored the psychophysiological effects of mindfulness meditation over a 10 week-period on a sample of 2nd-and 4th-grade children. Electroencephalograph (EEG) asymmetry and coherence were recorded at baseline and immediately after the meditation intervention for the experimental group, and at baseline and after 10 weeks for the control group. Measures of affect, behavioral motivation, creativity, and depression were also administered. The primary findings indicated that when improvement in depressive symptoms occurred for 4th-grade students who were somewhat engaged in meditation practice, left-sided frontal EEG activity was also more prominent. Additionally, 4th-grade students who actively participated in meditation practice experienced decreases in self-reported levels of negative affect. Results suggest that mindfulness meditation is beneficial for improving 4th-grade students’ mood and brain regions associated with mood.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2014
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004238, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004238
-
Subject Headings
-
Brain -- Physiological aspects, Cognition in children, Mind and body, Mindfulness based cognitive therapy, Psychophysiology
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Neural and behavioral correlates of song prosody.
-
Creator
-
Gordon, Reyna Leigh., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
-
Abstract/Description
-
This dissertation studies the neural basis of song, a universal human behavior. The relationship of words and melodies in the perception of song at phonological, semantic, melodic, and rhythmic levels of processing was investigated using the fine temporal resolution of Electroencephalography (EEG). The observations reported here may shed light on a ubiquitous human experience and also inform the discussion of whether language and music share neural resources or recruit domain-specific neural...
Show moreThis dissertation studies the neural basis of song, a universal human behavior. The relationship of words and melodies in the perception of song at phonological, semantic, melodic, and rhythmic levels of processing was investigated using the fine temporal resolution of Electroencephalography (EEG). The observations reported here may shed light on a ubiquitous human experience and also inform the discussion of whether language and music share neural resources or recruit domain-specific neural mechanisms. Experiment 1 was designed to determine whether words and melody in song are processed interactively or independently. Participants listened to sung words in which the melodies and/or the words were similar or different, and performed a same/different task while attending to the linguistic and musical dimensions in separate blocks of trials. Event-Related Potentials and behavioral data converged in showing interactive processing between the linguistic and musical dimensions of sung words, regardless of the direction of attention. In particular, the N400 component, a well-established marker of semantic processing, was modulated by musical melody. The observation that variations in musical features affect lexico-semantic processing in sung language was a novel finding with implications for shared neural resources between language and music. Experiment 2 was designed to explore the idea that well-aligned text-settings, in which the strong syllables occur on strong beats, capture listeners' attention and help them understand song lyrics. EEG was recorded while participants listened to sung sentences whose linguistic stress patterns were well-aligned, misaligned, or had variable alignment with the musical meter, and performed a lexical decision task on subsequently presented visual targets., Results showed that induced beta and evoked gamma power were modulated differently for well-aligned and misaligned syllables, and that task performance was adversely affected when visual targets followed misaligned and varied sentences. These findings suggest that alignment of linguistic stress and musical meter in song enhance beat tracking and linguistic segmentation by entraining periodic fluctuations in high frequency brain activity to the stimuli. A series of follow-up studies has been outlined to further investigate the relationship between rhythmic attending in speech and music, and the influence of metrical alignment in songs on childhood language acquisition.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2010
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2705078
-
Subject Headings
-
Cognitive neuroscience, Learning, Physiological aspects, Cognition in children, Physiological aspects, Prosodic analysis (Linguistics)
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Using the general mental ability test scores as predictors of NFL QB performance.
-
Creator
-
Metzger, Mike, Bernardin, Harold John
-
Date Issued
-
2013-04-05
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3361155
-
Subject Headings
-
Quarterbacks (Football), Cognitive Abilities Test, National Football League
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Functional consequences of top-down anticipatory modulation of primary visual cortex.
-
Creator
-
Richter, Craig G., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
-
Abstract/Description
-
It is well established that anticipation of the arrival of an expected stimulus is accompanied by rich ongoing oscillatory neurodynamics, which span and link large areas of cortex. An intriguing possibility is that these dynamic interactions may convey knowledge that is embodied by large-scale neurocognitive networks from higher level regions of multi-model cortex to lower level primary sensory areas. In the current study, using autoregressive spectral analysis, we establish that during the...
Show moreIt is well established that anticipation of the arrival of an expected stimulus is accompanied by rich ongoing oscillatory neurodynamics, which span and link large areas of cortex. An intriguing possibility is that these dynamic interactions may convey knowledge that is embodied by large-scale neurocognitive networks from higher level regions of multi-model cortex to lower level primary sensory areas. In the current study, using autoregressive spectral analysis, we establish that during the anticipatory phase of a visual discrimination task there are rich patterns of coherent interaction between various levels of the ventral visual hierarchy across the frequency spectrum of 8 - 90 Hz. Using spectral Granger causality we determined that a subset of these interactions carry beta frequency (14 - 30 Hz) top-down influences from higher level visual regions V4 and TEO to primary visual cortex. We investigated the functional significance of these top-down interactions by correlating the magnitude of the anticipatory signals with the amplitude of the visual evoked potential that was elicited by stimulus processing. We found that in one third of the extrastriate-striate pairs, tested in three monkeys, the amplitude of the visual evoked response is well predicted by the magnitude of pre-stimulus coherent top-down anticipatory influences. To investigate the dynamics of the coherent and topdown Granger causal interactions, we analyzed the relationship between coherence and top-down Granger causality with stimulus onset asynchrony. This analysis revealed that in an abundance of cases the magnitudes of the coherent interactions and top-down directional influences scaled with the length of time that had elapsed before stimulus onset., Together these results reveal a complex network of coherent and top-down directional interactions that predict the amplitude of early components of the visual evoked potential in primary visual cortex and vary in strength on the basis of the length of the stimulus onset.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2009
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/369200
-
Subject Headings
-
Cognitive neuroscience, Brain mapping, Visual perception, Testing, Intersensory effects
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Perceptions of animal minds.
-
Creator
-
Maurer, Lauren N., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
-
Abstract/Description
-
Previous research into people's perceptions of animals suggests that people view animals most favorably when they perceive them as being mentally like humans. This thesis examined whether animals perceived as threatening are still seen to be mentally similar to humans, but more likely to experience mental states associated with anger and aggression. Using three separate measures of people's perceptions of animals, including one designed for this study, it was found that participants did...
Show morePrevious research into people's perceptions of animals suggests that people view animals most favorably when they perceive them as being mentally like humans. This thesis examined whether animals perceived as threatening are still seen to be mentally similar to humans, but more likely to experience mental states associated with anger and aggression. Using three separate measures of people's perceptions of animals, including one designed for this study, it was found that participants did indeed view the mental lives of animals differently when those animals were perceived to be threatening. Examination of the effect of the animal chosen showed that some animals are inherently seen as more threatening and less-human like. The implications of these findings for animal conservation efforts, reduction of human-animal conflict, and anthropomorphism in the study of animal cognition were discussed.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2010
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2978987
-
Subject Headings
-
Cognition in animals, Human-animal relationships, Animal behavior
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Young children's artifact conceptualization: a child centered approach.
-
Creator
-
Schultz, Patricia P., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
-
Abstract/Description
-
One of the most fundamental functions of human cognition is to parse an otherwise chaotic world into different kinds of things. The ability to learn what objects are and how to respond to them appropriately is essential for daily living. The literature has presented contrasting evidence about the role of perpetual features such as artifact appearance versus causal or inductive reasoning in chldren's category distinctions (e.g., function). The present project used a child-initiated inquiry...
Show moreOne of the most fundamental functions of human cognition is to parse an otherwise chaotic world into different kinds of things. The ability to learn what objects are and how to respond to them appropriately is essential for daily living. The literature has presented contrasting evidence about the role of perpetual features such as artifact appearance versus causal or inductive reasoning in chldren's category distinctions (e.g., function). The present project used a child-initiated inquiry paradigm to investigate how children conceptualize artifacts, specifically how they prioritize different types of information that typify not only novel but also familiar objects. Results underscore a hybrid model in which perceptual features and deeper properties act synergistically to inform children's artifact conceptualization. Function, however, appears to be the driving force of this relationship.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2011
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3320103
-
Subject Headings
-
Cognition in children, Child development, Reasoning in children, Reasoning (Psychology)
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
The self-reported use of metacognitive reading strategies of community college students.
-
Creator
-
Munro, Sophia., College of Education, Department of Curriculum, Culture, and Educational Inquiry
-
Abstract/Description
-
College requires students to read strategically in order to be academically successful (Caverly, Nicholson, & Radcliffe, 2004). Strategic readers utilize a variety of strategies, including metacognitive reading strategies (Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002; Pressley & Afflerbach, 1995). However, not all students use the same strategies when reading academic text. The purpose of this study was to explore whether students enrolled in a developmental reading course report using different metacognitive...
Show moreCollege requires students to read strategically in order to be academically successful (Caverly, Nicholson, & Radcliffe, 2004). Strategic readers utilize a variety of strategies, including metacognitive reading strategies (Mokhtari & Reichard, 2002; Pressley & Afflerbach, 1995). However, not all students use the same strategies when reading academic text. The purpose of this study was to explore whether students enrolled in a developmental reading course report using different metacognitive reading strategies than students who are enrolled in a college-level English course. The Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (Mokhatari & Reichard, 2002) was administered to 423 students at a community college in the southeastern United States. The results of the Tests of Between-Subjects Effects indicated that the main effect for group membership was not significant. The results of the Tests of Within-Subjects Effects indicated that problem solving was reportedly used relatively equally by the two groups, but global and support reading strategies were used less by the English group,with the interaction effect even stronger for support strategies. The implications of this study on teaching and further research were also explored.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2011
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3333057
-
Subject Headings
-
Reading, Psychology of, Cognitive learning, Inquiry-based learning
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
The Contribution of Bilingualism to Cognitive Functioning and Biological Markers in the Progression of Normal and Abnormal Aging.
-
Creator
-
Torres Solano, Valeria Lucia, Rosselli, Monica, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
-
Abstract/Description
-
Controversy surrounds the idea that bilingualism leads to enhanced executive function (EF) and brain volume changes, potentially leading to delays in cognitive decline and dementia onset. The purpose of this research was to explore these claims in a sample of elderly monolinguals and bilinguals. This study explored gray matter volume (GMV) in 214 monolinguals and bilinguals (Mage = 71.21, SD = 7.53) who were cognitively normal (CN) or diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia...
Show moreControversy surrounds the idea that bilingualism leads to enhanced executive function (EF) and brain volume changes, potentially leading to delays in cognitive decline and dementia onset. The purpose of this research was to explore these claims in a sample of elderly monolinguals and bilinguals. This study explored gray matter volume (GMV) in 214 monolinguals and bilinguals (Mage = 71.21, SD = 7.53) who were cognitively normal (CN) or diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Neuropsychological performance was also examined between CN and MCI monolinguals and bilinguals (N = 153) across two visits. Scores from the Digit Span Backwards, Stroop interference, Trail Making Test A minus Trail Making Test B, and category fluency average scores were used. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain regions associated with memory, language, and EF were selected. Additionally, the study examined how a Bilingualism Index (BI) and the age of acquisition of English could predict GMV and EF in Spanish/English bilinguals whose native language was Spanish. Lastly, the initial age of cognitive decline across language groups was compared. Results suggested higher GMV in language and EF regions in bilinguals, but differences were not found in memory regions. Furthermore, neuropsychological performance over time did not vary across language groups; however, bilinguals exhibited reduced Stroop interference as well as lower scores on Digit Span Backwards and category fluency. The age of acquisition of English did not predict GMV or EF scores, while the BI predicted category fluency, with lower scores associated with a higher degree of balanced bilingualism. Overall, the influence of bilingualism appears to be reflected in increased GMV in specific language and EF regions relative to neuropsychological performance.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2020
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013497
-
Subject Headings
-
Bilingualism, Cognition, Aging, Gray Matter, Neuropsychological Tests, Executive Function
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
The Contribution of Depression to the Diagnosis of MCI and Dementia in a Culturally Diverse Sample of the United States.
-
Creator
-
Lang, Merike K., Rosselli, Monica, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
-
Abstract/Description
-
Depression is associated with higher severity of memory disorders and has been shown to predict lower levels of cognitive functioning in those diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Yet, little is known about this association cross-culturally, particularly between Hispanics and European Americans. This study demonstrates that although levels of depression differed significantly across diagnostic group, Hispanics and European Americans were similar in levels of depression...
Show moreDepression is associated with higher severity of memory disorders and has been shown to predict lower levels of cognitive functioning in those diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Yet, little is known about this association cross-culturally, particularly between Hispanics and European Americans. This study demonstrates that although levels of depression differed significantly across diagnostic group, Hispanics and European Americans were similar in levels of depression at each diagnosis. However, only for the European American group did depression levels predict lower scores in confrontational naming and semantic memory. Additionally, exploratory analyses of the entire sample demonstrated that lower depression predicted less likelihood of MCI or dementia diagnoses. This could indicate that there is a need for intervention and treatment of depression, in particular for later stages of MCI and dementia, that should be culturally catered to individual ethnicities.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2018
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013004
-
Subject Headings
-
Depression, Mild cognitive impairment, Dementia--United States
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
The Assessment of Functional Abilities in the Diagnosis of MCI and Dementia in a Culturally Diverse Sample.
-
Creator
-
Arruda, Fernanda Ponce de Leon, Rosselli, Monica, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
-
Abstract/Description
-
Previous studies suggested that the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ-10) has minimal ethnic bias and that a shorter version (FAQ-6) can equally diagnose MCI and dementia. Objective: We analyzed whether FAQ-6 is similar to FAQ-10 in diagnosing MCI and dementia. We examined their applicability across European Americans (EA) and Hispanic Americans, and how scores correlated to beta amyloid. Method: 222 participants (116 EA) completed a neuropsychological battery, FAQ, and PET scans, and...
Show morePrevious studies suggested that the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ-10) has minimal ethnic bias and that a shorter version (FAQ-6) can equally diagnose MCI and dementia. Objective: We analyzed whether FAQ-6 is similar to FAQ-10 in diagnosing MCI and dementia. We examined their applicability across European Americans (EA) and Hispanic Americans, and how scores correlated to beta amyloid. Method: 222 participants (116 EA) completed a neuropsychological battery, FAQ, and PET scans, and were classified as cognitively normal (CN), MCI, or dementia. The diagnostic capacity of FAQ-10 and FAQ-6 were compared for the total sample and across ethnic groups. Scores were correlated to beta amyloid. Results: Both versions showed good item discrimination. Ethnicity did not affect scores when controlling for diagnosis and education. Both versions classified CN and dementia, and positively correlated to beta amyloid. Conclusions: Results suggest FAQ-6 and FAQ-10 similarly predict diagnosis and is adequate in these ethnic groups.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2018
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013141
-
Subject Headings
-
Dementia--diagnosis, Cognitive Dysfunction--diagnosis, Bias, Functional assessment
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
A VALIDATION STUDY OF A PIAGETIAN TYPE DIAGNOSIS OF COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENTS' COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING ABILITIES.
-
Creator
-
ALLMAN, PAULA DARYL., Florida Atlantic University
-
Abstract/Description
-
The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of diagnosing community college students' cognitive functioning abilities, in social science content areas, by means of a Piagetian type clinical diagnosis. In addition, analyses were made to determine the relationships between isolated constructs of cognitive functioning and certain demographic variables. The initial expectation was that factor analysis would yield constructs aligned with constructs of cognitive functioning delineated...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of diagnosing community college students' cognitive functioning abilities, in social science content areas, by means of a Piagetian type clinical diagnosis. In addition, analyses were made to determine the relationships between isolated constructs of cognitive functioning and certain demographic variables. The initial expectation was that factor analysis would yield constructs aligned with constructs of cognitive functioning delineated by Piaget. It was also expected that the diagnosis would significantly distinguish between the three strata of subjects as the strata were formed on the basis of the subjects' past levels of academic performance. On the other hand, it was not expected that the diagnosis would be discriminatory in reference to other demographic variables studied. Observation of the results of the factor analysis confirmed the expectations regarding the Piagetian aligned factor structure of the diagnosis and offered a construct validity and reliability estimate of approximately .86. Observation of the results of the relational studies served to support the stated expectations except that measures related to three of the constructs were discriminatory along the dimension of sex. Twelve factors or constructs aligned with Piaget's theory were isolated. The constructs represented both a concrete operational and an abstract operational level of cognitive functioning for most of the cognitive tasks diagnosed. Seven of the factors discriminated significantly (p<.001) between the strata and, in all cases, discriminated in favor of stratum three, the stratum with highest past level of academic performance. The subjects in the stratum with the lowest level of academic performance, stratum one, and frequently stratum two subjects were functioning at a concrete operational level during the diagnosis. The important findings of this research necessitate immediate and continuous research of Piagetian remediation approaches based on the diagnosis and remediation of the learner's cognitive functioning abilities.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
1972
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/11624
-
Subject Headings
-
Cognition, Social sciences--Study and teaching, Remedial teaching
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Remembering the future: individual differences in metacognitive representation predict prospective memory performance on time-baseed [sic] and event-based tasks in early childhood.
-
Creator
-
Causey, Kayla B., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
-
Abstract/Description
-
Prospective memory is remembering to perform an action in the future, such as attending a meeting (a time-based task) or picking up milk at the gas station (an eventbased task), and is crucial to achieving goal-directed activities in everyday life. Children who fail to develop prospective memory abilities are likely to experience difficulties interacting with parents, teachers, and peers. To date, research on prospective memory development has been primarily descriptive or focused on...
Show moreProspective memory is remembering to perform an action in the future, such as attending a meeting (a time-based task) or picking up milk at the gas station (an eventbased task), and is crucial to achieving goal-directed activities in everyday life. Children who fail to develop prospective memory abilities are likely to experience difficulties interacting with parents, teachers, and peers. To date, research on prospective memory development has been primarily descriptive or focused on underlying executive functioning. This dissertation investigated the developmental relationship between metacognitive representation and prospective memory in preschool and elementary school children and adults. Findings from Study 1 indicated that individual differences in representational ability independently predicted individual differences in 3-year-olds' performance on event-based tasks that are of low-interest. Qualitative changes are important to consider when modeling prospective memory develop ment, as with episodic memory. Study 2 presents findings based on a study using the CyberCruiser 2.0, an Xbox-style racing game designed to assess time-based prospective memory. This study confirmed that kindergarten children are capable of completing this time-based prospective memory task but revealed that performance improved with age. Between kindergarten and 2nd grade, children become better aware of their own mental processes and abilities, allowing them to adjust their strategies and perform more comparable to adults. As a result, in this study, younger children tended to overestimate their prospective memory abilities and were less likely to monitor passing time, causing them to fail more time-based task trials than older children and adults., Similarly, participants who underestimated the costs of prospective memory failed more time-based tasks relative to those who more accurately assessed these costs. Although this latter relationship was limited to adults, it suggests that a poor metacognitive understanding of the costs of prospective memory may result in missed opportunities to carry out a delayed intention if individuals fail to allocate attentional resources appropriately. These findings have theoretical implications for models of prospective memory and development. Practical implications for educating children are also discussed.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2010
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/2974431
-
Subject Headings
-
Metacognition, Memory, Pyschological aspects, Social psychology, Cognition in children
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Hominin endocast topography: an analysis using geographic information systems.
-
Creator
-
Boas, Melissa., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Anthropology
-
Abstract/Description
-
This study examined the topography of prefrontal molds of human endocasts using three-dimensional laser scanning and geographic information systems (GIS) in order to carry out intra-species comparisons. Overall brain topography can indicate when major reorganizational shifts in brain structure happened in our evolutionalry history, and these shifts may indicate major shifts in cognition and behavior. Endocasts are one of the sole sources of information about extinct hominin brains ; they...
Show moreThis study examined the topography of prefrontal molds of human endocasts using three-dimensional laser scanning and geographic information systems (GIS) in order to carry out intra-species comparisons. Overall brain topography can indicate when major reorganizational shifts in brain structure happened in our evolutionalry history, and these shifts may indicate major shifts in cognition and behavior. Endocasts are one of the sole sources of information about extinct hominin brains ; they reproduce details of the brain's external morphology. Analysis of endocast morphology has never been done using GIS methodology. The use of GIS helps to overcome previous obstacles in regards to endocast analysis. Since this methodology is new, this research focuses on only one species, Homo sapiens and the area of focus is narrowed to the frontal lobe, specifically Broca's cap. This area is associated with speech in humans and is therefore of evolutionary significance. The variability in lateralization of this feature was quantified.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2012
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3358286
-
Subject Headings
-
Human evolution, Brain mapping, Cognitive neuroscience, Geographic information systems
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
Dynamical perception: Modeling framework, model and experiment.
-
Creator
-
Almonte, Felix, Florida Atlantic University, Jirsa, Viktor K.
-
Abstract/Description
-
Can a distributed anatomical and functional architecture serve as the basis for sufficiently complex perceptual phenomena? In addressing this question, the conceptual notion of dynamical system and its relation to other paradigms is considered including its definition. The principal goal is to develop a dynamical framework on which to ground the theoretical study of perception and other physical phenomena. As an entry point, the perceptual dynamics of auditory streaming are modeled using a...
Show moreCan a distributed anatomical and functional architecture serve as the basis for sufficiently complex perceptual phenomena? In addressing this question, the conceptual notion of dynamical system and its relation to other paradigms is considered including its definition. The principal goal is to develop a dynamical framework on which to ground the theoretical study of perception and other physical phenomena. As an entry point, the perceptual dynamics of auditory streaming are modeled using a neurally inspired dynamical model of auditory processing. Traditional approaches view streaming as a competition of streams, realized within a tonotopically organized neural network. In contrast, streaming can be viewed as a dynamic integration process involving locations (information convergence zones) other than the sensory specific neural subsystems. This process finds its realization in the synchronization of neural ensembles. Consequently, the model employs two interacting dynamical systems. The first system responds to incoming acoustic stimuli and transforms them into a spatiotemporal neural field dynamics. The second system is a classification system coupled to the neural field and evolves to a stationary state in the absence of input. The states of the classification system at any time t are identified with a single perceptual stream or multiple streams. Several results in human perception are modeled including temporal coherence and fission boundaries (van Noorden, 1975), and crossing of motions (Bregman, 1990). The model predicts phenomena such as the existence of two streams with the same pitch. So far, this has not been explained by the traditional stream competition models. A psychophysical study provides proof of existence of this phenomenon. Using set theoretical expressions on fMRI data, evidence was found showing that the percept of auditory streaming involves regions (convergence zones) other than just the primary auditory areas. This is a necessary condition for the existence of the network architecture proposed in the auditory streaming model. Networks specific and common to both amplitude and frequency streaming were identified. This lends support to models of perception conceived as interacting neural subnetworks acting as functional differentiation areas and information convergence zones for the classification of the perceptual world as suggested by the introductory question.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
2006
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12201
-
Subject Headings
-
Human information processing, Perception, Cognition--Research--Methodology, Neurolinguistics
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
-
-
Title
-
THE ROLE OF ASSOCIATIVITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC ORGANIZATION IN CHILDREN'S MEMORY.
-
Creator
-
JACOBS, JOHN WILLIAM, Florida Atlantic University, Bjorklund, David F., Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
-
Abstract/Description
-
Cognitive theorists hypothesize two types of cognitive processes (e.g., automatic and effortful) which may influence human information processing. This thesis investigates age differences in when children use intralist associative relationships (thought to be automatic in nature) to identify other (categorical) relations. Use of conceptual/ categorical relations to organize recall is thought to be effortful in nature. Sixty children each from grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 were presented orally with...
Show moreCognitive theorists hypothesize two types of cognitive processes (e.g., automatic and effortful) which may influence human information processing. This thesis investigates age differences in when children use intralist associative relationships (thought to be automatic in nature) to identify other (categorical) relations. Use of conceptual/ categorical relations to organize recall is thought to be effortful in nature. Sixty children each from grades 3, 5, 7, and 9 were presented orally with lists of 20 words under free-recall instructions. Results provide support for the position that recall memory of young children is mediated primarily by associative rather than conceptual relationships. Also, partial support was obtained for the three stage model of the development of organization proposed by Bjorklund and Zeman (1982). However, the model's prediction of when children will optimally use associative relationships to identify categorized relations was inaccurate. These results indicate that older childrens' recall can be facilitated by automatic cognitive processes resulting in higher levels of clustering (organization) and recall.
Show less
-
Date Issued
-
1984
-
PURL
-
http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14187
-
Subject Headings
-
Memory in children, Association of ideas, Cognition in children
-
Format
-
Document (PDF)
Pages