Current Search: Cognition (x)
Pages
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Title
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EARLY SUBJECT-OBJECT RELATIONS AND THE PERCEPTION OF SYNTACTIC RELATIONS IN SPEECH: THE SOCIAL GENESIS OF SEMANTIC STRUCTURE AS A FUNCTION OF FATHER ABSENCE.
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Creator
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LORICCHIO, DAVID FRANK., Florida Atlantic University, Tarantino, Santo J., Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Department of Sociology
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Abstract/Description
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Statistical analysis of test scores obtained from forty-one children separated from the father during early life and their matched controls provides support for the conclusion that the quality or type of subject-object interaction in the caretaking environment effectively contributes to one's concept of the self as involved in a world of other selves and objects, as one other member of a social system. The concepts of self and other are derived from the form of experience which one has had in...
Show moreStatistical analysis of test scores obtained from forty-one children separated from the father during early life and their matched controls provides support for the conclusion that the quality or type of subject-object interaction in the caretaking environment effectively contributes to one's concept of the self as involved in a world of other selves and objects, as one other member of a social system. The concepts of self and other are derived from the form of experience which one has had in responding to others present. Conceptual thinking emerges as a reflection upon objects known. Objects are known to the self as a result of actions taken in response to a thing's good or useful properties. Seen in this way, knowledge represents an instrumental relation of knower to thing known.
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Date Issued
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1980
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14028
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Subject Headings
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Cognition in children, Paternal deprivation
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Mental calibration and the enjoyment of action.
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Creator
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Rudich, Eric A., Florida Atlantic University, Vallacher, Robin R.
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Abstract/Description
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Two studies tested the optimality hypothesis of action identification theory (Vallacher & Wegner, 1985). This model predicts that personally difficult activities are enjoyed when they are identified in relatively low-level, "how-to" terms, whereas personally easy activities are enjoyed when they are identified in higher level, comprehensive terms. In Study 1, participants (N = 172) attempted to solve either high- or low-difficulty anagrams under various identities for their behavior. In Study...
Show moreTwo studies tested the optimality hypothesis of action identification theory (Vallacher & Wegner, 1985). This model predicts that personally difficult activities are enjoyed when they are identified in relatively low-level, "how-to" terms, whereas personally easy activities are enjoyed when they are identified in higher level, comprehensive terms. In Study 1, participants (N = 172) attempted to solve either high- or low-difficulty anagrams under various identities for their behavior. In Study 2, expert and novice artists (N = 55) drew a picture under either a high or low identity for the act of drawing. In both studies, results provided support for action identification theory's model of task enjoyment.
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Date Issued
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1995
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/15222
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Subject Headings
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Motivation (Psychology), Cognition, Action theory
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Factors affecting the experience of mindfulness.
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Creator
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Levy, Morgan, Stiksma, Melissa, Vernon, Laura
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Date Issued
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2013-04-05
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/3361115
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Subject Headings
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Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, Religiousness, Meditation
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Devising a novel protocol to study 5-hydroxymethylcytosine's role in the consolidation of a methamphatamine [sic] associated contextual memory.
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Creator
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Odom, John David., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
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Abstract/Description
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DNA methylation, the addition of a methyl group to the 5' position of DNA cytosines (5mC), is generally associated with transcriptional repression during early embryo formation ; however, in the adult brain, it is dynamically regulated and plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of memory. Very recently, it has been hypothesized that DNA hydroxymethylation, the addition of a hydroxyl group to methylated cytosines (5mC), serves as an intermediate in the DNA demethylation...
Show moreDNA methylation, the addition of a methyl group to the 5' position of DNA cytosines (5mC), is generally associated with transcriptional repression during early embryo formation ; however, in the adult brain, it is dynamically regulated and plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of memory. Very recently, it has been hypothesized that DNA hydroxymethylation, the addition of a hydroxyl group to methylated cytosines (5mC), serves as an intermediate in the DNA demethylation pathway. GIven its recent discovery, the role of DNA hydroxymethylation in memory has not yet been explored. In this study, we developed an immunofluorescent triple labeling protocol in order to begin examining the involvement of 5mC and 5hmC in neurons activated by consolidation of a contextual memory associated with methamphetamine in the brain's reward center, the nucleus accumbens.
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Date Issued
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2012
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/3359318
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Subject Headings
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Memory, Physiological aspects, Cognitive neuroscience, DNA, Methylation
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Assessing the Effects of Incubation Temperature on the Cognitive Ability of Hatchling Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) Sea Turtles.
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Creator
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Serra, Ivana, Milton, Sarah, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
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Abstract/Description
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Under the expected warmer temperatures due to climate change, sea turtle embryos may be subjected to thermal conditions detrimental to nest success and hatchling quality; one trait which may be negatively affected is cognitive ability. In this study, loggerhead sea turtle eggs were acquired from Boca Raton, FL and lab incubated under two female-producing temperatures: an “optimal” temperature of 31°C and a sublethal temperature of 33°C. Cognitive ability of post-hatchlings, assessed via...
Show moreUnder the expected warmer temperatures due to climate change, sea turtle embryos may be subjected to thermal conditions detrimental to nest success and hatchling quality; one trait which may be negatively affected is cognitive ability. In this study, loggerhead sea turtle eggs were acquired from Boca Raton, FL and lab incubated under two female-producing temperatures: an “optimal” temperature of 31°C and a sublethal temperature of 33°C. Cognitive ability of post-hatchlings, assessed via associative learning and reversal was investigated using a y-maze. The sublethal temperature decreased incubation duration, hatch success, hatchling growth rates and produced smaller hatchlings with significantly more scute anomalies. Hot hatchlings performed worse on the reversal, taking longer to train, and thus hint at an effect of incubation temperature on cognitive flexibility in loggerhead turtles. With temperatures rising on beaches in South Florida, this study provides evidence of further potential threats to hatchling quality and potentially even survival.
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Date Issued
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2020
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00013559
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Subject Headings
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Loggerhead turtle, Eggs--Incubation, Temperature, Cognition
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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CHILDREN'S RECOGNITION OF STRATEGY USE IN THE RECALL OF THEIR CLASSMATES' NAMES.
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Creator
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ZEMAN, BARBARA RIDGDILL, Florida Atlantic University
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Abstract/Description
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First and third grade children were asked to recall the names of their classmates. Organization of recall was assessed with regard to structures in the classroom (e.g. , seating arrangements, reading groups). Following recall, children were given a list of four possible strategies and asked to select which, if any, they used. Levels of organization were high and undifferentiated for first and third graders with the majority of children being unable to select accurately the strategy used in...
Show moreFirst and third grade children were asked to recall the names of their classmates. Organization of recall was assessed with regard to structures in the classroom (e.g. , seating arrangements, reading groups). Following recall, children were given a list of four possible strategies and asked to select which, if any, they used. Levels of organization were high and undifferentiated for first and third graders with the majority of children being unable to select accurately the strategy used in class recall as reflected by organization (ARC) scores. Furthermore, the distribution of subjects accurately identifying a strategy in this task was no greater than th2t of subjects in an earlier experiment who were asked to describe the strategy they used. These results indicate that although children demonstrate high levels of recall and organization on this task, they do not show comparable abilities in strategy awareness, and that this is not due merely to their inability to produce a verbal response.
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Date Issued
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1980
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14033
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Subject Headings
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Memory in children, Cognition in children
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Developmental differences in the source monitoring of efficient and inefficient inhibitors.
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Creator
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Kennedy, Elizabeth Carol, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Source monitoring capabilities in children four, five, and six years of age classified along high and low inhibition abilities were investigated in three different conditions of source monitoring: reality monitoring, internal source monitoring, and external source monitoring. Specifically, children's misattribution errors in internal and reality source monitoring conditions with regard to their inhibition status was investigated. During one testing session, children were randomly assigned to...
Show moreSource monitoring capabilities in children four, five, and six years of age classified along high and low inhibition abilities were investigated in three different conditions of source monitoring: reality monitoring, internal source monitoring, and external source monitoring. Specifically, children's misattribution errors in internal and reality source monitoring conditions with regard to their inhibition status was investigated. During one testing session, children were randomly assigned to the three source monitoring conditions and invited to participate in puzzle completion tasks. In the reality source monitoring condition, children and experimenters took turns placing the puzzle pieces on a puzzle board. In the internal source monitoring condition, children were requested to actually place half of the puzzle pieces of their choice and to pretend to place the other half on the board. In the external source monitoring condition, children were requested to watch two different experimenters taking turns placing puzzle pieces on the board. After a short retention interval, children were surprised with a puzzle piece recall test. Children's inhibition abilities were assessed with three different inhibition tasks during a subsequent testing session and consisted of a tapping test, Simon Says test, and response compatibility test. Median splits determined children's inhibition abilities as either high (efficient) or low (inefficient). Sets of analysis of variance tests compared participants' general recall performance abilities among the three conditions of source monitoring and evaluated participants' reality and internal performance abilities with regard to inhibition status. The first set of analyses indicated that children made the most recall errors in the external source monitoring condition and the fewest in the reality source monitoring condition. The second set of analyses revealed that 4-year-old boys, compared to 5- and 6-year-old boys, committed more errors toward the misattribution bias in the internal condition, while 4-year-old girls, compared to 5- and 6-year-old girls, committed more errors against the bias. The third set of analyses supported the hypothesis that inefficient inhibitors on the tapping task committed more errors toward the misattribution bias in the internal source monitoring condition than those in the reality condition.
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Date Issued
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1998, 1998
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12556
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Subject Headings
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Psychology, Developmental, Psychology, Experimental, Psychology, Cognitive
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Perception of facial affect: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of adolescents and adults with and without nonverbal learning disabilities.
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Creator
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Vallabha, Taube Lubart, Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
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Abstract/Description
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Individuals with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) have an impaired ability to interpret facial expressions of emotion (FEE), the consequences of which can include progressively debilitating socioemotional disturbances. Thus, it is important to determine how the neuroanatomical structures underlying the perception of FEE in people with NLD differ from the normal population. To this end, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare brain activation patterns in male and female...
Show moreIndividuals with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) have an impaired ability to interpret facial expressions of emotion (FEE), the consequences of which can include progressively debilitating socioemotional disturbances. Thus, it is important to determine how the neuroanatomical structures underlying the perception of FEE in people with NLD differ from the normal population. To this end, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare brain activation patterns in male and female adolescent subjects and male adult subjects with and without NLD. The subjects were presented with FEE at low and high intensities while they performed a gender decision task. Subjects with NLD displayed less activation in limbic areas responsible for processing emotion in the normal population. The NLD subjects exhibited more activity than controls in the orbital gyrus, inferior, middle and superior frontal gyri, fusiform and superior temporal gyri, insula, striatum and inferior and superior parietal lobules. Several of these structures participate in language function: as individuals with NLD have superior verbal abilities, it is probable that this population relies on their linguistic strengths to compensate for their nonverbal weaknesses whilst processing FEE. Additionally, because of an impaired capacity for attention to and discrimination of visual details, the NLD subjects showed more active responses for low intensity FEE in comparison to controls. This may have led to a failure of regions such as the middle and superior frontal and superior temporal gyri to habituate or sensitize appropriately to emotionally salient visual stimuli. In comparison with the normal population, people with NLD utilize different neural structures when processing FEE, in accordance with the strengths and deficits associated with the NLD syndrome.
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Date Issued
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2003
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT12051
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Subject Headings
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Biology, Neuroscience, Education, Special, Psychology, Cognitive
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE BEHAVIORS IN THIRTEEN MONTH OLD INFANTS: A STUDY OF OBJECT-PERSON PERMANENCE AND QUALITY OF ATTACHMENT.
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Creator
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CLARK, MARIAN CHERIE., Florida Atlantic University
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Abstract/Description
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The relationship between object-person permanence and quality of attachment was assessed in 13 month old infants under equivalent task conditions. Both familiar/salient and unfamiliar/neutral objects and persons were hidden behind large curtains. Contrary to previous findings securely attached infants did not perform differently than insecurely attached babies on the object and person permanence scales. Regardless of security of attachment, babies searched at a higher level for both the...
Show moreThe relationship between object-person permanence and quality of attachment was assessed in 13 month old infants under equivalent task conditions. Both familiar/salient and unfamiliar/neutral objects and persons were hidden behind large curtains. Contrary to previous findings securely attached infants did not perform differently than insecurely attached babies on the object and person permanence scales. Regardless of security of attachment, babies searched at a higher level for both the familiar/salient person and object than for the unfamiliar/neutral person and object. Infants were most likely to search for the mother and least likely to search for the experimenter. Results suggest that the motivational salience of target persons and objects plays an important role in performance on object and person permanence tests and thus indicate a need for more precision in measurement in order to delineate any existing relationship between the cognitive and affective domains in infancy.
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Date Issued
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1983
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14163
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Subject Headings
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Cognition in children, Attachment behavior in children
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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RECOGNITION VS COGNITIVE EVALUATION: THE LATE POSITIVE COMPONENT OF THE VISUAL AVERAGE EVOKED POTENTIAL DURING NUMERICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING.
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Creator
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WRIGHT, PEGGY, Florida Atlantic University
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Abstract/Description
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Visual average evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded from four male Ss in a sequential, single digit problem solving task requiring addition of the first digit to the second. Separate AEPs for the first and second digits allowed Late Positive Component comparisons. It was hypothesized that LPC latency variations are a function of cognitive evaluation of information, with the prediction that there would be a normal latency LPC in the first digit AEP, where S recognizes a stimulus, as compared...
Show moreVisual average evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded from four male Ss in a sequential, single digit problem solving task requiring addition of the first digit to the second. Separate AEPs for the first and second digits allowed Late Positive Component comparisons. It was hypothesized that LPC latency variations are a function of cognitive evaluation of information, with the prediction that there would be a normal latency LPC in the first digit AEP, where S recognizes a stimulus, as compared to a delayed LPC in the second digit AEP where S must both recognize and cognitively evaluate information to solve the addition problem. Two experimental conditions, varying stimulus presentation time between long and short, were run. Equipment failure terminated the experiment and the proposed study could not be researched. The pilot data gathered were too variable and incomplete to permit conclusions. However, these data did not contradict the hypothesis.
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Date Issued
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1972
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/13522
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Subject Headings
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Recognition (Psychology), Cognition, Visual evoked response
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Learning to hear new speech sounds: A dynamical approach.
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Creator
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Case, Pamela S., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
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Abstract/Description
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When adults attempt to learn new speech sounds, they do so in the context of the phonology of their native language. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the nature of the learning process; that is, to examine, in individuals, (1) the process of acquiring a new phonetic category, (2) the impact of learning a new phonetic category on a similar, existing category, and (3) transfer of learning to a novel phonetic context. Monolingual American English speakers were required to learn...
Show moreWhen adults attempt to learn new speech sounds, they do so in the context of the phonology of their native language. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the nature of the learning process; that is, to examine, in individuals, (1) the process of acquiring a new phonetic category, (2) the impact of learning a new phonetic category on a similar, existing category, and (3) transfer of learning to a novel phonetic context. Monolingual American English speakers were required to learn the Hindi voiced, unaspirated, dental stop consonant. Two synthetic speech continua (one voiced, the other voiceless) were created, spanning a range from Hindi dental to American English alveolar stop consonants. Subjects underwent a perceptual mapping procedure that included identification, judged goodness, and difference-rating tasks in order to establish how they perceived the stimuli initially. Then they participated in a two-alternative, forced-choice training program using only voiced, natural speech stimuli. Progress was monitored throughout training. Following training, the mapping procedure was repeated with both the voiced and voiceless continua. After at least a two-week delay with no further training, subjects participated in a follow-up test. Results indicate that the nature of change during the learning process depends on how the individual listener perceives the stimuli prior to training and on the order of presentation of stimuli.
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Date Issued
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1996
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/12475
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Subject Headings
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Language, Linguistics, Psychology, Experimental, Psychology, Cognitive
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Memory deficits for faces and names in Alzheimer's disease: Investigation with a faces-names Stroop-like task.
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Creator
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Taft, Janna Renee., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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A prominent deficit in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a difficulty in recognizing and naming people. Unfamiliar and famous face recognition tasks are sparse in the neuropsychology literature. It was hypothesized that: a deficit in recognition of faces would be found for AD patients, the semantic mismatch condition would result in the longest response latency and least accurate naming, and semantic cues would not facilitate naming for the AD group. Accuracy and reaction time from ten mild AD...
Show moreA prominent deficit in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a difficulty in recognizing and naming people. Unfamiliar and famous face recognition tasks are sparse in the neuropsychology literature. It was hypothesized that: a deficit in recognition of faces would be found for AD patients, the semantic mismatch condition would result in the longest response latency and least accurate naming, and semantic cues would not facilitate naming for the AD group. Accuracy and reaction time from ten mild AD patients diagnosed by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and 10 normal controls (matched age, 66--82 years, education & ethnicity) were tested via unfamiliar and famous faces recognition memory tests and famous faces naming tasks with and without semantic interference. Both subject groups were more accurate on the famous face recognition rather than memory for unfamiliar faces, with significant group differences. The Stroop-like face naming task performance was characterized by an increased interference effect, semantic face-name mismatches produced the longest response delays, and less accurate face naming particularly in the AD group. The semantic cues resulted in a decrease in naming accuracy for the AD patients, which may be indicative of their name retrieval deficit. Consistent with existing face-name models, these findings suggest that the deficit in AD is related to semantic naming rather than the perceptual component of face recognition. Furthermore, the ability to correctly name faces even in the presence of interference may prove to be a diagnostic tool that is sensitive to face naming deficits characteristic in cases of brain damage.
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Date Issued
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2003
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT12061
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Subject Headings
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Biology, Neuroscience, Psychology, Clinical, Psychology, Cognitive
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON CHILDREN'S CLASSIFICATION AND FREE RECALL.
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Creator
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WEISS, SARA CULVER., Florida Atlantic University
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Abstract/Description
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Developmental and socioeconomic status (SES) differences in classificatfon styles indicate that young and low SES children are more likely to sort objects nontaxonomically whereas older and middle SES children are more likely to sort taxonomically. When children establish stable organizational schemes (taxonomic or nontaxonomic), memory performance is usually enhanced. Eighty-five kindergarten and first grade subjects were divided into three socioeconomic groupings and given two sort/recall...
Show moreDevelopmental and socioeconomic status (SES) differences in classificatfon styles indicate that young and low SES children are more likely to sort objects nontaxonomically whereas older and middle SES children are more likely to sort taxonomically. When children establish stable organizational schemes (taxonomic or nontaxonomic), memory performance is usually enhanced. Eighty-five kindergarten and first grade subjects were divided into three socioeconomic groupings and given two sort/recall tasks. For whites, recall was greater when subjects sorted to a criterion of two identical sorts than it was when they sorted only once, and white College subjects were more apt to sort the items taxonomically than were children of other SES groupings. No significant effects were found for blacks. Because the results revealed no consistent differences in performance as a function of SES, it was concluded that children of all SES levels can generate and use organizational schemes to guide retrieval.
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Date Issued
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1983
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fcla/dt/14147
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Subject Headings
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Memory in children, Cognition in children
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Types of Intrusions in Verbal Fluency Tasks in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Longitudinal Analysis.
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Creator
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Shihadeh, Layaly, Rosselli, Monica, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
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Abstract/Description
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Research shows intrusions in memory tests can predict cognitive impairment in abnormal aging. However, there still is a need for additional research regarding the association of intrusions in verbal fluency tasks and clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. The aim of my master’s thesis research is to determine if there is an association between intrusion totals in verbal fluency tasks and diagnosis, longitudinally (across 3 years), if there are significant differences...
Show moreResearch shows intrusions in memory tests can predict cognitive impairment in abnormal aging. However, there still is a need for additional research regarding the association of intrusions in verbal fluency tasks and clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. The aim of my master’s thesis research is to determine if there is an association between intrusion totals in verbal fluency tasks and diagnosis, longitudinally (across 3 years), if there are significant differences between category and phonemic fluency tasks in intrusion total scores, and if progression from CN to MCI or dementia and from MCI to dementia can be indicated through differences in intrusion scores. Results indicated that intrusions are significantly associated with diagnosis in Phonemic fluency tasks, however this was not the case in progressors versus non-progressors.
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Date Issued
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2022
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014042
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Subject Headings
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Mild cognitive impairment, Dementia, Verbal ability
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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In Pursuit of Perceptions: Priming Intervention during a Goal-Directed Behavioral Task.
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Creator
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Osei, Peter Claudius, Barenholtz, Elan, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
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Abstract/Description
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Learning to effectively execute goal-directed tasks generally requires guidance from knowledgeable experts that can direct the performer’s attention toward important environmental features. However, specifying the optimal attentional strategies is difficult due to the subjective nature of perceptions and the complexity of the underlying neural processes. The current skill acquisition literature emphasizes action-based contingencies through Predictive and Ecological models when examining...
Show moreLearning to effectively execute goal-directed tasks generally requires guidance from knowledgeable experts that can direct the performer’s attention toward important environmental features. However, specifying the optimal attentional strategies is difficult due to the subjective nature of perceptions and the complexity of the underlying neural processes. The current skill acquisition literature emphasizes action-based contingencies through Predictive and Ecological models when examining attentional processes, while Perceptual Control Theory advocates for perceptual-based mechanisms. To evaluate the efficacy of these models, this study implicitly primed one hundred fifteen participants to focus on action-based or perceptual-based aspects during an interceptive task. It was predicted that the perceptual-based priming condition would result in faster learning and greater resilience to environmental disturbances. However, the highly variable results did not show significant differences in learning rate or resilience between the action and perceptual-based conditions. Ultimately, the variability in the findings suggests that a superior performance depends on numerous factors unique to each performer. Consequently, instructional methods cannot rely on a single optimal attentional strategy for gathering environmental information. Instead, the dynamic interplay between the individual and the environment must be considered to foster the skill development of novice performers.
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Date Issued
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2023
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014290
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Subject Headings
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Perception, Attention, Cognitive psychology--Research
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Emerging Neural Dynamics in Skill Acquisition: Differential Learning of a Basketball Shooting Task.
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Creator
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Osei, Peter Claudius, Nowak, Andrzej, Florida Atlantic University, Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science
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Abstract/Description
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Improving skills in athletic competition often requires structured guidance from coaches, who direct performers’ intentions and attention toward achieving task objectives. Traditionally, coaching follows a linear top-down model, relying on technical demonstrations, extensive verbal instructions, and corrective feedback to promote the execution of "ideal" movement patterns for improved performance. In contrast, non-linear bottom-up coaching approaches, such as differential learning (DL),...
Show moreImproving skills in athletic competition often requires structured guidance from coaches, who direct performers’ intentions and attention toward achieving task objectives. Traditionally, coaching follows a linear top-down model, relying on technical demonstrations, extensive verbal instructions, and corrective feedback to promote the execution of "ideal" movement patterns for improved performance. In contrast, non-linear bottom-up coaching approaches, such as differential learning (DL), intentionally introduce unconventional movement variations that may initially appear random or counterproductive. These variations encourage performers to explore the perceptual-motor landscape and disrupt established movement solutions, thereby fostering adaptability and skill development. The current study explored these considerations by investigating an alternative to the traditional action selection model of the basal ganglia (BG). The proposed model suggests that the BG mediates cortical signals from cognitive and perceptual areas to perform analog computations to generate the appropriate velocity, direction, and force output through negative feedback mechanisms. According to this model, D1 and D2receptors within the direct and indirect pathways modulate adaptive gain in velocity control by fine tuning the final motor output.
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Date Issued
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2024
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00014534
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Subject Headings
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Athletes--Training of, Basketball, Cognitive psychology
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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The Grasp of the Ice-Cold Hand: The Emergence of a New Kind of Gothic in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights.
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Creator
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Stellner, Alexis M., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
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Abstract/Description
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This study provides evidence for an age bias in face recognition. Younger adults viewed short video clips of young actors or of actors over the age of 60 performing everyday actions. One week later, participants were tested on their memory for these events. Recognition event types included same, completely new, and conjunction items. In conjunction items, a familiar actor performed a familiar action that had actually been performed by someone else during encoding. Participants performed well...
Show moreThis study provides evidence for an age bias in face recognition. Younger adults viewed short video clips of young actors or of actors over the age of 60 performing everyday actions. One week later, participants were tested on their memory for these events. Recognition event types included same, completely new, and conjunction items. In conjunction items, a familiar actor performed a familiar action that had actually been performed by someone else during encoding. Participants performed well at picking out the new and old events, but had more difficulty distinguishing between the conjunction events. Younger adults were significantly worse at recognizing the conjunction items when the age of the actor was different from encoding to retrieval. This study supports the hypothesis that people are better able to recognize and distinguish others within a similar age range compared to people outside that range.
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Date Issued
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2006
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/11578, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FADT11578
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Subject Headings
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Face perception, Human information processing, Social aspects, Cognitive psychology, Cognition, Age factors
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Face recognition: an own age bias.
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Creator
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Spokane, Tory., Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College
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Abstract/Description
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This study provides evidence for an age bias in face recognition. Younger adults viewed short video clips of young actors or of actors over the age of 60 performing everyday actions. One week later, participants were tested on their memory for these events. Recognition event types included same, completely new, and conjunction items. In conjunction items, a familiar actor performed a familiar action that had actually been performed by someone else during encoding. Participants performed well...
Show moreThis study provides evidence for an age bias in face recognition. Younger adults viewed short video clips of young actors or of actors over the age of 60 performing everyday actions. One week later, participants were tested on their memory for these events. Recognition event types included same, completely new, and conjunction items. In conjunction items, a familiar actor performed a familiar action that had actually been performed by someone else during encoding. Participants performed well at picking out the new and old events, but had more difficulty distinguishing between the conjunction events. Younger adults were significantly worse at recognizing the conjunction items when the age of the actor was different from encoding to retrieval. This study supports the hypothesis that people are better able to recognize and distinguish others within a similar age range compared to people outside that range.
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Date Issued
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2008
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/FAU/77694
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Subject Headings
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Face perception, Human information processing, Social aspects, Cognitive psychology, Cognition, Age factors
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Electroencephalography in children with autism.
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Creator
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Lucas, Nikola N., Jones, Nancy Aaron, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Psychology
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Abstract/Description
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Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by deficits involving social interaction, communication, and perception. Although there is much research that has examined functional neural connectivity in individuals with autism, few have conducted these studies in very young children while awake across EEG power and coherence measures. Anomalies in EEG coherence and power have been associated with deficits in executive function and mental activity. The present study examined...
Show moreAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by deficits involving social interaction, communication, and perception. Although there is much research that has examined functional neural connectivity in individuals with autism, few have conducted these studies in very young children while awake across EEG power and coherence measures. Anomalies in EEG coherence and power have been associated with deficits in executive function and mental activity. The present study examined neural activation and functional connectivity with an EEG, in children ages 3 -5, during an eyesclosed baseline period. Discrete Fourier Transform was performed on artifact-free segments of EEG data to produce power density values. In addition, coherence measurements were examined to assess functional connectivity in the alpha bandwidth during the baseline recording. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrated reduced alpha coherence in fronto-temporal regions and between right temporal sites when compared to typically developing (TD) children. In addition, the reduction in coherence was based on ASD severity, such that high-functioning children with ASD showed greater coherence than low-functioning children with ASD. Children with ASD also displayed reduced power in the alpha, beta, and theta frequency bandwidths in frontal, temporal, central, and occipital regions compared to TD children. Interestingly, delta power differentiated children based on developmental status such that high-functioning children with ASD demonstrated the greatest delta power, followed by TD children, and then low-functioning children with ASD. Finally, TD children demonstrated left anterior temporal EEG asymmetry in the alpha bandwidth, whereas children with high-functioning ASD exhibited left posterior temporal EEG asymmetry and right frontal EEG asymmetry. Thus, the results suggest that children with ASD exhibit atypical patterns of brain activity and functional connectivity compared to their typically developing counterparts.
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Date Issued
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2013
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA0004034
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Subject Headings
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Autism in children -- Research, Autism spectrum disorders, Cognition disorders in children, Cognitive neuroscience, Electroencephalography -- Therapeutic use
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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Title
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Functional roles of L1-Cam/Neuroglian in the nervous system of Drosophila Melanogaster.
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Creator
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Kudumala, Sirisha, Godenschwege, Tanja A., Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences
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Abstract/Description
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Neuronal cell adhesion molecules of L1 family play a critical role in proper nervous system development. Various mutations on human L1-CAM that lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders like retardation, spasticity etc. termed under L1 syndrome. The vertebrr their roles in axon pathfinding, neurite extension and cell migration, howeverate L1CAM and its homolog in Drosophila, neuroglian (nrg) have been well studied fo, much less is known about the mechanisms by which they fine tune synaptic...
Show moreNeuronal cell adhesion molecules of L1 family play a critical role in proper nervous system development. Various mutations on human L1-CAM that lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders like retardation, spasticity etc. termed under L1 syndrome. The vertebrr their roles in axon pathfinding, neurite extension and cell migration, howeverate L1CAM and its homolog in Drosophila, neuroglian (nrg) have been well studied fo, much less is known about the mechanisms by which they fine tune synaptic connectivity to control the development and maintenance of synaptic connections within neuronal circuits. Here we characterized the essential role of nrg in regulating synaptic structure and function in vivo in a well characterized Drosophila central synapse model neuron, the Giant Fiber (GF) system. Previous studies from our lab revealed that the phosphorylation status of the tyrosine in the Ankyrin binding FIGQY motif in the intracellular domain of Nrg iscrucial for synapse formation of the GF to Tergo-Trochanteral Motor neuron (TTMn) synapse in the GF circuit. The present work provided us with novel insights into the role of Nrg-Ank interaction in regulating Nrg function during synapse formation and maintenance. By utilizing a sophisticated Pacman based genomic rescue strategy we have shown that dynamic regulation of the Neuroglian–Ankyrin interaction is required to coordinate transsynaptic development in the GF–TTMn synapse. In contrast, the strength of Ankyrin binding directly controls the balance between synapse formation and maintenance at the NMJ. Human L1 pathological mutations affect different biological processes distinctively and thus their proper characterization in vivo is essential to understand L1CAM function. By utilizing nrg14;P[nrg180ΔFIGQY] mutants that have exclusive synaptic defects and the previously characterized nrg849 allele that affected both GF guidance and synaptic function, we were able to analyze pathological L1CAM missense mutations with respect to their effects on guidance and synapse formation in vivo. We found that the human pathological H210Q, R184Q and Y1070C, but not the E309K and L120V L1CAM mutations affect outside-in signaling via the FIGQY Ankyrin binding domain which is required for synapse formation and not for axon guidance while L1CAM homophilic binding and signaling via the ERM motif is essential for axon guidance in Drosophila.
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Date Issued
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2014
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004131, http://purl.flvc.org/fau/fd/FA00004131
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Subject Headings
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Cell adhesion molecules, Cellular signal transduction, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive neuroscience, Drosophila melanogaster, Molecular neurobiology
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Format
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Document (PDF)
Pages